书经 The Book of History -- 《盘庚中--

书经 The Book of History -- 《盘庚中-- Pan Geng II》(James Legge 英译)(1)

盘庚作1，惟涉河以民迁2。乃话民之弗率3，诞告用亶4。其有众咸造5，勿亵在王庭6，盘庚乃登，进厥民。

Pan-geng arose, and (was about to) cross the Ho with the people, moving (to the new capital). Accordingly, he addressed himself to those of them who were (still) dissatisfied, and made a full announcement to their multitudes, to induce a sincere acquiescence (in the measure). 'They all attended, and (being charged) to take no liberties in the royal courtyard, he called them near,

【注释】

　　1、作：立为君。　　

　　2、惟：谋。涉：渡。奄在河之南，殷在河之北，所以要渡河。　　

　　3、话：会合。率：循。　　

　　4、诞：大。亶：诚。　　

　　5、有：助词。咸：都。造：到。　　

　　6、勿亵：亵，近。勿亵在王廷，未近在王廷。　　

　　曰：“明听朕言，无荒失朕命7！呜呼！古我前后，罔不惟民之承保8。后胥慼鲜9，以不浮于天时10。殷降大虐11，先王不怀厥攸作12，视民利用迁13。汝曷弗念我古后之闻？承汝俾汝惟喜康共14，非汝有咎比于罚15。予若吁怀兹新邑16，亦惟汝故，以丕从厥志17。

and said, 'Listen clearly to my words, and do not disregard my commands. Oh! of old time my royal predecessors cherished, every one and above every other thing, a respectful care of the people, who (again) upheld their sovereign with a mutual sympathy. Seldom was it that they were not superior to any (calamitous) time sent by Heaven. When great calamities came down on Yin, the former kings did not fondly remain in their place. What they did was with a view to the people's advantage, and therefore they moved (their capitals). Why do you not reflect that I, according to what I have heard of the ancient sovereigns, in my care of you and actings towards you, am only wishing to rejoice with you in a common repose? It is not that any guilt attaches to you, so that (this movement) should be like a punishment. If I call upon you to cherish this new city, it is simply in your account, and as an act of great accordance with your wishes.

【注释】

　　7、荒：废。失：通佚，轻忽的意思。　　

　　8、罔不惟民之承保：江声说：“当读至保字绝句。保，安也。言前后无不承安其民也。”

　　9、胥：古谞字。清楚，清爽。慼：通戚。贵戚大臣。鲜：明。后胥戚鲜，言君主清楚、贵戚明白。　　

　　10、浮：罚。　　

　　11、殷降：殷，盛。降，下。谓天盛降。虐：灾。指洪水的灾害。　　

　　12、怀：安。攸作：所作，指所作之居邑。　　

　　13、用：以。视民利用迁，言视民利所在以迁徙。　　

　　14、承：顺。俾：从。康：安康。共：通拱。　　

　　15、非：反对。咎：过错。比：入，陷入。　　

　　16、吁：呼吁。怀：安。新邑：指奄。　　

　　17、惟：思念。故：灾祸。丕：大。从：遵从。厥志：先王保民之志。按：亦惟九字，是反问句，省略了“乎”字。意思是，也是思念你们的灾祸而永遵先王保民之志吗？　　