书经 The Book of History -- 《甘誓--&n ...

书经 The Book of History -- 《甘誓-- Speech at Gan》(1) (James Legge  英译)

甘誓: 启与有扈战于甘之野，作《甘誓》。

【国学李树银注释】

①〔启〕禹的儿子。〔有扈（hu户）〕国名，故城在今陕西户县。《地理志》：“扶风鄂县是扈国。又说：“鄂县，古扈国，有户亭。”扈、鄂、户，古今字。〔甘〕有扈氏南郊地名，鄂南有甘亭。

1

甘誓: 大战于甘，乃召六卿。

Speech at Gan: There was a great battle at Kan. (Previous to it), the king called together the six nobles, (the leaders of his six hosts),

王曰：“嗟！六事之人，予誓告汝：有扈氏威侮五行，怠弃三正，天用剿绝其命，今予惟恭行天之罚。

And said, 'Ah! all ye who are engaged in my six hosts, I have a solemn announcement to make to you. The lord of Hu wildly wastes and despises the five elements (that regulate the seasons), and has idly abandoned the three acknowledged commencements of the year. On this account Heaven is about to destroy him, and bring to an end his appointment (to Hu); and I am now reverently executing the punishment appointed by Heaven.

【国学李树银注释】

①〔六卿〕夏商周时，天子有六军，六军的主将称六卿。郑玄说：“六军之将。《周礼》六军皆命卿，则三代同矣。”

②〔六事〕指六军的全体将士。郑玄说：“变六卿言六事之人者，言军吏以下及士卒也。”

③〔威侮五行〕《经义述闻》：“威乃威之讹，威者蔑之借。蔑，轻也。蔑侮五行，言轻慢五行也。”五行，指金木水火土五种物质，所谓轻慢五行，夏曾佑说：“即言有扈氏不遵洪范之道。”（参见《洪范》）

④〔怠〕懈怠。〔三正〕正德、利用、厚生三大政事。见《尚书易解》。

⑤〔用〕因此。〔剿〕绝。

⑥〔恭行〕《墨子•明鬼篇》、《史记•夏本纪》、《汉书•王莽传》都作“共”。共行就是奉行。

左不攻于左，汝不恭命；右不攻于右，汝不恭命；御非其马之正，汝不恭命。用命，赏于祖；弗用命，戮于社，予则孥戮汝。”

If you, (the archers) on the left, do not do your work on the left, it will be a disregard of my orders. If you, (the spearmen) on the right, do not do your work on the right, it will be a disregard of my orders. If you, charioteers, do not observe the rules for the management of your horses, it will be a disregard of my orders. You who obey my orders, shall be rewarded before (the spirits of) my ancestors; and you who disobey my orders, shall be put to death before the altar of the spirits of the land, and I will also put to death your children.'

【国学李树银注释】

①〔左〕车左。《孔传》：“左方主射”。〔攻〕精善。这个意义又写作“功”。

②〔右〕车右。《孔传》：“右勇力之士执戈矛以退敌。”

③〔御〕驾车的人。金履祥说：“左主射，右主击刺，御主马，各守其职。

④〔赏于祖〕《孔传》：“天子亲征，必载迁庙之祖主行，有功，则赏祖主前，示不专。”意思是天子亲自征作时，必是随行带着祖庙神主，凡是对有功的将士进行赏赐时，必定在祖庙的神主前施行，表示自己不敢独断专行。

⑤〔戮于社〕《孔传》：“天子亲征，又载社事，不用命奔北者，则戮之于社主前。”

⑥〔孥（nu奴）〕孥通“奴”。颜师古《匡谬正俗》说：“案孥戮者，或以为奴，或加邢戮，无有所赦耳。此非孥子之孥，《泰誓》称囚孥正士，亦谓或囚或孥也，岂得复言并子俱凶也。”