英译学术论文摘要【十一】

按：二十余年来，业余翻译或校对哲学、社会科学等人文学术期刊和师友论文摘要。至今已经译校不少篇什。它们或长或短，或深奥艰涩，或浅显易懂，却都是经过一番努力，数度推敲，几经润色定稿的。不过，最初几年的译校系手写，故均已散佚。1996年换笔改用电脑后虽然数次更换机器，多次重装或升级系统，其中也有散佚，但绝大多数仍保存于硬盘。今特选择自认为比较忠实原文者，分批转帖，名之为《英译学术论文摘要》，以期方家哂正。下面是其十一。——啮书轩主人启。

英译学术论文摘要【十一】

原文

一、试论汉晋子书之兼容倾向

汉晋600年间，子书著述的兼容性特征日趋明显，而魏晋200年间尤为显著。此种趋向缘于子家创作过程中学派意识的逐渐淡化，以及弥漫士林的以博涉为贵的治学风尚的推动。由此带来有关著述内容和风格的某些变化，以杂取众家取代尊崇某家，治学不主常师，思想兼容并蓄，“思乐百氏，博采其珍”蔚然成风。

二、唐代度量衡赋与唐前咏物赋“移德”初探

从现存作品来看，度量衡赋是唐代辞赋创作中独有的题材。这种题材的出现与唐代社会经济的发展和度量衡制度的统一关系密切，同时也与科举制度和唐代知识分子广阔的视野有关。唐代度量衡赋的内容主要集中在度量衡的源流追溯、度量衡的规制、度量衡的社会、政治、经济、文化意义等几个方面。在创作取向方面，唐代度量衡赋表现出明显的人文化、经义化色彩。唐代度量衡赋是自汉魏六朝以来，咏物赋“移德”笔法发展的一个新阶段。在这个阶段，“移德”笔法出现的新变化，标志着辞赋由体制外创作走向了体制内创作。辞赋自此走上了下行的道路。 

三、试论中国古代王朝宗室的构造特征

宗室是皇权专制的产物，对于研究东方封建主义和中华帝国现象具有重要的学术意义。从汉晋到明清，宗室族群的构造遵循大体相同的原则，即尊奉开国皇帝之上的某位先祖，向下突破五服框架开放边际，服属远近只是配置利益的尺度，决非辨族的基准。历朝大举扩张宗室规模，旨在“广帝宗，重磐石”，求得江山社稷千秋万代。

I     On the Compatibility Tendency of Philosophers’ Works

During the Han and the Jin Dynasty

试论汉晋子书之兼容趋向

During  the  six  hundred  years  of the Han and the Jin  Dynasty,  compatibility of the philosophers’ works became more and more obvious, especially so in the two  hundred  years between the Wei and the Jin Dynasty. This  tendency  is  resulted  by  the  desalination  of School awareness  during  the  creating  process of philosophers ,and promoted by the  erudition atmosphere  among  scholars. And  this  compatibility changed the content and style of some writings , instead  of respect  only  one  main  idea, those scholars most have inclusive thoughts  and became  adopting  various  ideologies  as well. The atmosphere of “adopt many thoughts, result those treasures” is widespread.

II.    “Moral-Transferring or -Affecting” Technique of Writing in Tang-Dynasty Odes to Weights and Measures

and Pre-Tang-Dynasty Odes in Praise of Things and Scenes

唐代度量衡赋与唐前咏物赋“移德”初探

Viewed from the extant pieces of literary works, odes to weights and measures are an exclusive theme of the odes or rhapsodies during the Tang Dynasty. This is closely related to the socio-economic development and the unification of the system of weights and measures, and to the imperial examination system, and the wide field of vision of the intellectuals during the Tang Dynasty, too. What these odes are about mainly focuses on the origin, the rules and regulations, and the social, political, economic, and cultural significance of weights and measures. In terms of creative orientation, they demonstrate an obvious tendency of humanization with a tint of argumentation on Confuciun classics. And they are a new stage of development, and of new changes as well, of the "Moral-transferring or Affecting" techniques of writing in odes in praise of things and scenes since the Han Dynasty (206B. C.-220A. D.), the Wei Dynasty (220-265) and the six dynasties (namely the Wu [222-280], the Jin [265-420], the Song [420-479], the Qi [479-502], the Liang [502-557], and the Chen [557-589]). This indicates that odes or rhapsodies have entered inside the institution from the outside. That is to say, they have embarked on a downward road of development ever since.



III.          Probe into the Structural Features of the Imperial Clan

of Different Dynasties in Ancient China

试论中国古代王朝宗室的构造特征

The imperial clan is the product of autocratic monarchy and is of vast importance to the research of oriental despotism and the empire phenomenon in China. The imperial clan members and relatives were structured approximately with the same principle from the Han and Jin Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. That is, with the veneration of a certain forefather of the founding emperor, the clan includes its kin members far below the subsequent five generations (Wu Fu) due to the break-through of the five-generation framework, and the fact that whether one is within the forth-coming five generations or not is not a benchmark for determining the imperial clan membership, but a scale for distributing the interests. The aim of the large-scale expansion of the imperial clan in the past dynasties was to “multiply the kin relatives of the emperor so as to consolidate the basis of his reign”, thus perpetuating the rule over the state by his descendants. 