英译学术论文摘要【五十七】

英译学术论文摘要【五十七】

一、沃尔特•拉夫伯的美拉关系史研究述评

二、转型时期英国商人的培养和教育方式初探

三、论外部因素在日本农地改革中的作用

I.                   Review of Walter LaFeber's Study  on  History of American-Latin American Relationship

沃尔特·拉夫伯的美拉关系史研究述评

Through reviewing the historical evolution of the Monroe Doctrine, and recounting the American- Panama and the American-Central America relationship, Walter LaFeber(1933~ ) radically overturns the point of view of the traditionalists represented by Samuel Flag Bemis （1891~1973）, which sings the praises of the Latin American policies of the United States. That is, his study uncovers that the Latin American policies of the U. S. have always been those of imperialistic egoism, which, in history, have never been basically changed, but have offered the same old stuff with a merely different label. They have not only failed to benefit Latin American countries, but have, at the same time, led them to economic stagnancy, social polarization, and political non-democracy, intensifying their nationalist sentiments and bringing about frequent revolutions in these countries as a result.

II． Initial Study on Training and Educating Methods of Merchants

in the Transition Period of England

转型时期英国商人的培养和教育方式初探



Along with the rapid development of British business during the period of transition, traditional apprenticeship education was hardly able to meet the needs for educating and training commercial personnel. So school education (as pre-apprenticeship preparatory education) and social education (as post-apprenticeship supplemental education) gradually flourished and played an increasingly important role. It is the socialization and diversification of business education that brought up a new merchant class, and they promoted the commercial and economic development and transformation of England.

III．On the Role Played by Exterior Factors

in Japanese Land Reform

论外部因素在日本农地改革中的作用

The postwar Japanese agricultural reform is conducted under the enforcement and domination of the U.S. occupation authorities. Comparatively speaking, it is a successful land reform with the nature of the bourgeoisie democratic revolution in the non-communist world, later on to be known as the “revolution with no bloodshed”. That is to say, exterior factors have played an enormous role in the agricultural reform, thus offering a valuable example for people of the world to handle international affairs with.

附：原文

一、沃尔特·拉夫伯的美拉关系史研究述评

沃尔特·拉夫伯通过对“门罗主义”历史演变的梳理，对美国—巴拿马关系、美国—中美洲关系的追述，从根本上推翻了以比米斯为代表的传统派对美国的拉美政策大唱赞歌的观点。他揭示：美国对拉美的政策历来都是利己主义的帝国主义政策；历史上，这些政策并没有根本改变，而只是换汤不换药；这些政策不仅没造福拉美国家，反而给拉美国家带来经济停滞、社会分化、政治不民主，从而使民族主义情绪激化、革命频发。

二、转型时期英国商人的培养和教育方式初探

随着转型时期英国商业的迅猛发展，传统的学徒式教育难以满足商业人才的培养和教育需求，因此，作为其预备形式的学校教育和补充形式的社会教育逐渐兴盛起来。由此，对商人的培养和教育便呈现出从商人家庭或商业组织实施扩展到学校和社会进行的趋势。正是商人教育方式的社会化、多样化，造就了一个品质良好、技能全面，富有理性和开拓进取精神的新商人阶层，使他们成为推动英国商业和经济发展与转型的重要力量。

三、 论外部因素在日本农地改革中的作用

二战后日本的农地改革是在美国占领当局的强制或主导下进行的，是非共产主义世界的一次比较成功的具有资产阶级民主革命性质的土地改革，被称之为“不流血的革命”。外部因素在农地改革中起了巨大作用，为世人处理国际事务提供了一个颇有价值的范例。