关于莎翁和他的剧本的20个有趣事实——纪念莎翁451周年诞辰

William Shakespeare's Birthday: 20 Interesting Facts About The Life And Plays Of 'The Bard'

1. He had four sisters -- two named Joan, one Margaret and Anne -- and three brothers -- Gilbert, Richard and Edmund.

2. People used to spell his name many different ways, including "Shakspere," "Shake-speare," "Shakespear," "Shaxberd" and "Sheakspear." 

3.他可能带了一个很土的金耳环，如伦敦肖像馆中“山度士肖像”中所画的那样，推测创作与1600年到1610年之间，真实性待考。

3. He may have worn a gold earring, as depicted in the famous "Chandos" portrait of him, believed painted between 1600 and 1610. 

4.莎士比亚可能在15岁的时候才上的学。

4. Shakespeare was probably enrolled in school until age 15. 

5.他在18岁的时候娶了一个26岁的孕妇（接盘侠？），叫安妮·哈瑟维（和安妮海瑟薇同名）。

5. When he was 18, Shakespeare married a 26-year-old pregnant woman named Anne Hathaway.

6.他们最后有了三个孩子：苏珊娜、哈姆内特和朱迪思。

6. They'd eventually have three children: Hamnet, Susanna and Judith. 

7.据推测他的第一部出版的剧本是1594年的《亨利六世（第二部）》。

7. His first published play is thought to be 1594's "Henry VI, Part Two."

8.莎翁偶尔“客串”自己的剧目，例如演《哈姆雷特》中的鬼魂。

8. Shakespeare occasionally acted in his own plays, taking roles like the ghost in "Hamlet."

9.他最短的剧目《错中错》仅1770行，4042行的《哈姆雷特》已经是最长的了。

9. His shortest play is "The Comedy of Errors" at 1,770 lines; "Hamlet," with 4,042 lines, is his longest. 

10.他的部分剧作可能已经散佚，或者有其他的假托之作。据推测，1728年出版的《双重谎言》（一译《一错再错》、《双重背叛》）是根据莎翁原著《卡丹纽》改编。

10. Some of his plays may have been lost or misattributed. "Double Falsehood," which was published in 1728, is thought to have been based on Shakespeare's "Cardenio."  

11.根据他的遗愿，他把他“次好的床”留给了他老婆。

11. In his will, Shakespeare left his wife his "second-best bed."

12.莎士比亚曾被一起事件诟病：他曾经在一出剧中提到了在美国有椋鸟。很多年后一个叫Eugene Schieffelin的脑残粉就把椋鸟放进了纽约中央公园，为了和莎翁剧吻合——然后就引发了外来物种入侵。  

12. Shakespeare is to blame for the starling bird species' presence in the United States. He mentioned one in a play, and years later a man named Eugene Schieffelin released starlings into New York's Central Park so it could have all the birds referenced in Shakespeare's literature. The invasive species thrived.

13.莎士比亚将大约3000个外来词汇引入了英文。

13. Shakespeare introduced about 3,000 words into the English language. 

上面提到的这些词中，史学家认为"frugal节俭"、 "skim milk脱脂牛奶" 、"hint提示" 以及 "bedroom卧室"这几个词是他发明的。

Among the words historians claim he invented are "frugal," "skim milk," "hint" and "bedroom."

14.他的所有剧目中出现了13起自杀。

14. There are about 13 suicides in his plays. 

15.他的剧本被翻译成很多种语言，甚至谢耳朵最喜欢的克林贡语（《星球大战》中的虚拟语言）。

15. His plays have even been translated into Klingon, the language from "Star 

Trek."

16.环球剧场（莎翁主场）据说曾经弥漫着大蒜、肉和啤酒混杂的臭味。

16. The Globe Theatre is said to have stunk of garlic, beer and meat.  

17.他被埋葬在斯特拉特福德的圣三一教堂。也是在那里他接受的洗礼。

17. He is buried at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, England. He also was baptized there.

18.他的墓志铭写道：“那些让我的安息的人会得到保佑，而惊扰我的遗骨的人将遭到诅咒。”

18. Shakespeare's gravestone says, "Blessed be the man that spares these stones, and cursed be he that moves my bones."

19.他的死因至今未明，坊间传闻是一天他喝高了，发烧了。

19. His cause of death is not known, though legend has it that he drank too much one night and caught a fever.

20.两位莎士比亚的同事将他的文稿收集起来，在他死后出版了合集，就是后世所称的“第一对开本”。

20. Two of Shakespeare's colleagues collected his plays in a text known as the First Folio after his death.