《礼记》--晋献公将杀其世子申生
【原文】
晋献公将杀其世子申生(2)。公子重耳谓之曰③：“子盖言子之志于公乎(4)？”世子曰：“不可。君安骊姬，是我伤公之心也。”曰：“然则盖行乎？”世子曰：“不可。君谓我欲弑君也(5)。天下岂有无父之国哉？吾何行如之(6)？”使人辞于狐突曰(7)：“申生有罪，不念伯氏之言也，以至于死。申生不敢爱其死。虽然，吾君老矣，子少(8)，国家多难，伯氏不出而图吾君(9)。伯氏苟出而图吾君(10)，申生受赐而死(11)。”再拜稽首(12)，乃卒(13)。是以为恭世子也(14)。
Duke Xian of
Jin, intending to put to death his heir-son Shen-sheng, another
son, Chong-er, said to the latter, 'Why should you not tell what is
in your mind to the duke?' The heir-son said, 'I cannot do so. The
ruler is happy with the lady Ji of Li. I should (only) wound his
heart.' 'Then,' continued the other, 'Why not go away?' The heir
son replied, 'I cannot do so. The ruler says that I wish to murder
him. Is there any state where the (sacredness) of a father is not
recognised? Where should I go to obviate this charge?' (At the same
time) he sent a man to take leave (for him) of Hu Tu, with the
message, 'I was wrong in not thinking (more) of your words, my old
friend, and that neglect is occasioning my death. Though I do not
presume to grudge dying, yet our ruler is old, and his (favourite)
son is (quite) young. Many difficulties are threatening the state,
and you, old Sir, do not come forth (from your retirement), and
consult for (the good of) our ruler. If you will come forth and do
this, I will die (with the feeling that I) have received a (great)
favour from you.' He (then) bowed twice, laying his head to the
ground, after which he died (by his own hand). On this account he
became (known in history as)'the Reverential
Heir-son'.'
（James Legge
译）
【注释】
①本节选自《檀弓》上。“檀弓”是前首人物的姓名，编者用作篇名。全篇内容主要记载了孔子及其弟子们讨论丧礼的言论，富有文学色彩，风格独特．②晋献公：春秋战国时的诸侯国晋国国君，姓姬，名诡诸。世子：太子．③公子重(chong)耳：太子申生的同父异母弟弟。后来当上晋国国君，称晋文公，是春秋五霸之一。④盖(he)：同“盍”，何不，为什么不。⑤弑(Shi)：臣子杀国君，或儿子杀父亲叫弑。(6)行：这里指逃奔。如；连词。之：往，去。(7)辞：告别，狐突：申生的师傅，字伯行，所以又称“伯氏”。(8)子：指骊姬的儿子奚齐。(9)图：策划，谋划。(10)苟；如果，倘若。(11)赐：恩惠。(12)再拜：连拜两次。稽(qi)首：古时叩头敬礼。(13)卒：死去。(14)恭：人死后按其生前敬顺的事迹给予的称号，即谥(Shi)号。
【译文】
晋献公想要杀掉他的太子申生。公子重耳告诉申生说：“你为什么不把自己心中的想法对父亲说呢？”太子说：“不行。父亲有骊姬才得安乐，我说出来会伤他的心。”重耳又说：“那么为什么不逃走呢？”太子说：“不行。父亲会说我想谋害他。天下哪里有没有国父的国家？再说我能逃到哪里去呢？”于是申生派人向狐突告别说：“我申生有罪，没有听从您的忠告，以至于只有去死。我不敢贪生怕死。虽然如此，但我们国君年纪老了，爱子年纪又小。国家有许多忧患，您又不肯出来为国君出谋划策。如果您肯出来为国君出谋划策，我就得到了您的恩惠，甘愿去死。”申生再拜叩头行礼，接着自尽身亡。因此，人们送他溢号称“恭世子”。
