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北京外国语大学教授庄绎传:翻译漫谈(17/20)(3)

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200311月,人民教育出版社出版了《李岚清教育访谈录》。2004年金秋时节,不到一年的时间,便有英译本问世。英译本取名Education for 1.3 Billion (《为了13亿人的教育》),是由我国的外语教学与研究出版社和英国的培生教育出版集团(Pearson Education)共同出版的。

作者专为英译本写了一篇序言,对出版英译本的背景和意图作了说明,并且提到,鉴于读者的文化背景和教育背景不同,而且中文和英文之间也存在差异,英译本有一些变通的地方,但这不影响读者了解本书的内容。

更多考虑外国读者的不同情况而在译文的文字上有所变通,这无疑代表一种新的翻译思路,必将对我国译界产生深远的影响。这一方面的情况很值得进一步研究。本文只想利用以下几个选段,以注释的形式谈一谈有关汉译英的一些基本问题的体会。

 

 

三是“借东风”,抓机遇。要推动改革,每一个重大的机遇都要抓住不放。例如上面我提到的,1998年国务院进行机构改革,撤销了9个部门,“皮之不存,毛将焉附?”部门没有了,部门所属的那些高校怎么办?我们就抓住这一机遇,整体推进了部门所属高校以地方管理为主共建的改革,受到地方和这些高校的普遍欢迎。改革后,我去这些学校考察,有些校领导对我说,改由地方为主管理后,他们受到地方政府的重视和种种优待,发展比过去快多了,早该这样改革了!

 

Third, don’t let a good opportunity slip through your fingers.19 To promote reform you’ve got to act every time a good opportunity presents itself. One such opportunity appeared during the 1998 State Council organizational reshuffle, in which nine ministries were abolished.20 Now that these ministries were gone, what was to be done with the universities under their charge.21 We acted immediately and launched a wholesale reform by delegating reconstruction responsibilities for these universities to the local authorities, a decision well received by the localities and the universities themselves. When I visited these universities toward the end of the reform, some leaders told me that they won much attention and preferential treatment from local governments, and that their development was much faster than before. This reform was long overdue, they said.22

 

19. 在这里“借东风”和“抓机遇”是同样的意思。这就是为什么本节的题目中“借东风”只译作seizing the opportunities。“借东风”本是汉语里的一个典故,来自《三国演义》,但翻译起来,很难对外国读者说清楚,只好把它要表达的意思译出来算了。但这个典故用在这里确实很生动,于是译者在英文里找了一个与之相对应的习语。根据Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》)第6版,let sth slip (through your fingers)意思是to miss or fail to use an opportunity,因此用在这里是非常恰当的。

 

20. reshuffle一词很有用,谈到政府的重大人事或机构变动,最常用的就是这个词。

 

21. 这句译文具体说明了前面引语“皮之不存,毛将焉附?”在这里的含义,因此这句引语就没有译,若译出来就显得重复了。此外,请注意后半句what was to be done…。此处不能用what to do,因为它只是一个短语,不能独立构成一个问句。

 

22. 最后一句译文加了they said。若不加,读者就可能认为最后一句是作者的话了。

 

四是要进行充分的调查研究和科学的评估。“尚方宝剑”也要慎用。既要把工作抓紧、做细、做深,统一认识,又要善于等待,不能强迫命令。工作不能简单化。合并难度最大的莫过于强强联合。但实践证明,只要经过充分论证,确认合并有其客观合理性,有关领导决心大,工作细,并给予必要的支持,也是完全可行的。

当然,大学并不是越大越好。该合的合,不该合的就不合。

 

Fourth, making thorough studies and investingations and conducting scientific assessment.23 When we wield the “imperial sword” we should do it with prudence. We need to press ahead with our work in a meticulous and thoroughgoing manner.24 But we need also be good at biding our time and refrain from coercion. In other words, our work tolerates no simple-mindedness. Of all the types of mergers, none is more difficult than those between good universities. Practice, however,25 has proved that so long as we are confident of its feasibility on the basis of thorough study, and so long as leaders of all the parties involved are committed, work carefully and are supportive, such mergers can definitely happen and happen successfully.

 

Naturally, it does not necessarily follow26 that the larger a university the better. Mergers can only happen when and where it makes sense. Otherwise they must not happen at all.27

 

23.4点和第5点译文与前三点不同,没有用完整的句子,而用了分词短语来翻译第一句话,这就是把第一句话译作小标题了。

 

24. 此处“工作”一词恐不是指一般的具体工作,而是指思想工作,其目的是“统一认识”。译文未能体现“统一认识”的意思。也许把our work改为persuasion就行了。不过这样一来,因为搭配的关系,可能要把and thoroughgoing删去。其实,前面有press ahead,后面有meticulous,强调的语气已经表现得很充分了。

 

25. 据我观察,在英语中,however在大多数情况下不是放在句首,而是放在较后的位置。此处,虽然原文以“但”字开始,译文把however放在practice后面,是合乎英文的用法的。

 

26. follow一词非常有用,它在这里的意思是to be the logical results of sth。原文“并不是”的意思是“不能从上文得出结论,认为……”,因此,译文it does not necessarily follow that … 是十分恰当的。

 

27. 这句原文很短,但很有中文的特色。“合”字重复出现四次,译文绝不能

照搬,只有另想办法。《邓小平文选》第三卷有这样一句话:“农业实行多种经营,因地制宜,该种粮食的地方种粮食,该种经济作物的地方种经济作物,不仅粮食大幅度增长,经济作物也大幅度增长。”译文是:By diversifying agriculture in accordance with local conditions, the peasants have grown grain and cash crops in places suited to them and have substantially increased the output of both.

 

五是抓典型,因势利导,前面曾提到,国务院办公厅曾先后在上海、南昌、北戴河、扬州四次召开座谈会总结推广各地的好经验,用典型推动,形成改革的氛围。同时,我们对一些影响大的学校的调整、合并给予特别关注,并且我和教育部门的领导还到一些地方实地考察了解,及时给予指导。

 

Fifth, setting good examples and making the most of the situation. As I said before,the General Office of the State Council had held meetings in Shanghai, Nanchang, Beidaihe and Yangzhou to summarize and share the best practices and solutions from each situation. The idea was to set good examples and foster a friendly atmosphere for reform.28 In the meantime, we paid special attention to the regrouping and amalgamation of prestigious universities. Leaders of the Ministry of Education and I went on fact-finding tours to offer needed guidance.29

 

28. 这一句原文较长,最后才说出这样做的目的,若译成一句,目的就不突出。现在译文使后半句单独成句,而且用The idea作主语,这个短语的意思是the aim or purpose (of sth),用在这里是很恰当的。

 

29. 中文总是说“我和某某人”,把“我”字放在前头。英文则总是把I放在后头。我们要写地道的英文,这一点,不可不注意。我觉得这纯粹是一个使用语言的习惯问题,不涉及是否尊重别人。1987年,美国前总统卡特访华,,在欢迎他的宴会上讲话,他说:My wife and I … 译文是“我的夫人和我 ……”。我觉得,还是“我和我的夫人”听起来顺耳一些。你说呢?


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