英译学术论文摘要【一】
按：二十余年来，业余翻译或校对哲学、社会科学等人文学术期刊和师友论文摘要，至今已经译校不少篇什。它们或长或短，或深奥艰涩，或浅显易懂，却都是经过一番努力，数度推敲，几经润色定稿的。不过，最初几年的译校系手写，故均已散佚。1996年换笔改用电脑后虽然数次更换机器，多次重装或升级系统，其中偶然也有丢失，但绝大多数仍保存于硬盘。今特选择自认为比较忠实原文者，分批转帖，名之为《英译学术论文摘要》，以期方家哂正。下面是其一。——啮书轩主人启。
I. Well-field System and Gong (the Tribute System),
Zhu (the Census Register System)
and Che (the Rent in Kind System)
井田制与贡、助、彻
While the land was owned by the emperor (son of heaven), governors (dukes and princes), aristocratic bureaucrats, scholars and members of the village in a multi-layered, compound way, the Well-field System was a land system in which a square area of land was divided into nine sections and the outer eight sections were allocated to the members of the village at regular intervals during the Xia, the Shang, and the Zhou Dynasty. As to their service systems, Gong (the Tribute System) was implemented in the Xia Dynasty, a combination of Gong and Zhu (the Census Register System), in the Shang Dynasty, Gong, Zhu and Che (the Rent in Kind System) were brought into effect in the Zhou Dynasty. However, the Well-field System and Gong, Zhu and Che had not remained the same all the time, but had undergone institutional changes as systems associated with one another.
II. Research and Discussion on the Ancient States in Territory
of Qi Stae during the pre-Qin-Dynasty Period:
Concurrently on the Formation of Qi Culture
先秦时期齐地古国考论
——兼及齐文化之形成
When Master Keung was first appointed Duke of Qi, its territory was very small. However, through the efforts of several generations to come, it gradually expanded outward and achieve extraordinary boom after King Min of Qi wiped out the Song Kingdom during the Warring States Period. In the different historical stages since the Xia Dynasty, there were many ancient states inside of Qi State when its territory was the largest in history. The inhabitants of these ancient states were all Dong Yi aborigines (i.e. the ancient eastern barbarian tribes), but were of different ethnic groups and of different family names in these states. Most of them were descendants of Emperor Yan by the family name of Jiang, and Dong Yi aborigines who were surnamed Jiang and Ying, and later there were descendants of an ethnic group of Zhou whose family name was Ji, and a small number of descendants of past sages and men of virtue such as those of Emperor Shun with the surname of Gui and those of the Yellow Emperor with that of Ren. Along with the changes of the inter-ethnic relationship between Dong Yi and Hua Xia (old name for China), the distribution pattern of these ancient states began to bear certain characteristics, and eventually became part of Qi State, and their ancient cultural factors were gradually fused to become in the future the Qi culture with distinctive characteristics.
附：原文
一、 井田制与贡、助、彻
井田制是夏商周时期将土地划为方块田并定期进行分配的田制形式。它由天子、诸侯、卿大夫、士、村社成员多层次复合所有。在赋役制度上，夏行贡法，商贡助兼用，周行贡、助、彻。无论井田制还是贡、助、彻，都不是静止不变的，不但各自有制度变迁，相互之间还有制度关联。
二、 先秦时期齐地古国考论
太公初封于齐，国小地狭，后世渐行开拓，至战国时期湣王灭宋后，齐国疆域遂臻于极盛。在此齐国版图最大时期的地域范围内，自夏以来的不同历史阶段，皆曾有诸多古国存在。这些古国的居民皆为东夷土著，而有国者族属不同、姓氏各异，炎帝后裔之姜姓及东夷姜姓、嬴姓居多，后有周族姬姓，间有舜后妫姓及黄帝之后任姓等先圣后裔。随着夷夏族群关系的变化，这些古国的分布格局呈现出一些特点；此等古国最终都成为齐国的一部分，而各古国之文化因素则随之逐渐汇集融合，终成日后特色鲜明之齐文化。
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