[转载]《菜根谭》 31-35  洪应明 著  宋德利

《菜根谭》31-35

洪应明 著

宋德利 译

31.

富者应多施舍，智者宜不炫耀

富贵家宜宽厚，而反忌刻，是富贵而贫贱其行矣！如何能享？聪明人宜敛藏，而反炫耀，是聪明而愚懵其病矣！如何不败？

【释义】

有财的人应该多帮助别人，有才的人不应该炫耀自己

富贵人家应当宽大仁厚，但他们却刻薄无理，这种富贵人家却与贫贱人家相同！这怎能享受呢？聪明人当应不露锋芒，但他们却夸耀自己，这种聪明人和无知的人得了通病！这怎能不失败呢？

【英译】

The rich men should give more help to others; the capable men should not self-display.

The higher born should be open-minded and clemency, but they are mean and unjustifiable. This sort of higher-born is identical with the poor and lowly! How can they enjoy themselves? The clever men should hide their light under a bushel, but they self-display. This sort of clever men get the common problem of ignorant persons! How can they avoid failure?

32.

居安思危，处乱思治

居卑而后知登高之为危，处晦而后知向明之太霭；守静而后知好动之过劳，养默而后知多言之为躁。

【释义】

安全时考虑危险，动乱时考虑安定

处在低处然后才知道攀登高处很危险，处在暗处然后才知道面对光亮很刺眼；保持宁静的心态然后才知道喜欢活动太辛苦，保持沉默的心性然后才知道多说话很烦躁。

【英译】

Think danger in safety; think stability in turmoil.

Staying in low places, then one knows the danger in high- altitude climbing. Staying in dark places, then one knows it makes him dazzling to face light. Keeping calm, then one knows it makes him toilsome to be active. Keeping silent, then one knows it makes him boring to talk more.

33.

恶心人能放得心下，即可入圣超凡

放得功名富贵之心下，便可脱凡；放得道德仁义之心下，才可入圣。

【释义】

心术不正的人改邪归正，就可超凡脱俗

不受功名富贵杂念的腐蚀，就可超脱平庸低俗；不受仁义道德教条的束缚，就可进入圣贤境界。

【英译】

Though harboring evil intentions, one can still be extraordinary so long as he gives up evil and returns to good.

Not to be corrupted by distracting thoughts of fame and riches and honors, one can breakout mediocrity and vulgarity; not to be bound by the dogma of virtue and morality, one can reach the ideological level of sages and men of virtue.

34

我见害于心，聪明障于道

利欲未尽害心，意见乃害心之蟊贼；声色未必障道，聪明乃障道之藩屏。

【释义】

我被歪心邪念所伤害，道德被自作聪明所妨碍

名利欲望不会伤害我的心灵，自以为是才是残害心灵的毒虫；歌舞女色未必妨害道德，自作聪明才是道德的最大妨碍。

【英译】

I am hurt by evil intentions; morality is obstructed by wise guys.

Fame and gain and desire cannot hurt my soul but self-approbation is the poisonous insect to do harm to my soul. Gongs and dances and women unnecessarily obstruct morality but self-approbation is the largest obstruction to morality.

35.

知退一步之法，加让三分之功

人情反复，世路崎岖。行不去处，须知退一步之法；行得去处，务加让三分之功。

【释义】

知道退一步的方法，会增加三分的功绩

人情世故反复无常，世间道路崎岖不平。走到无路可走的时候，必须明白退一步的方法；一帆风顺时，务必把好处让三分给他人。

【英译】

Knowing the way to take a step back can increase your achievements by a third.

The ways of people are capricious. The ways of the world are rough. Once there is no way to go, one must know the way to take a step back. When everything is smooth, one must give his gain to others by a third.