英译学术论文摘要【二十八】

按：二十余年来，业余翻译或校对哲学、社会科学等人文学术期刊和师友论文摘要，至今已经译校不少篇什。它们或长或短，或深奥艰涩，或浅显易懂，却都是经过一番努力，数度推敲，几经润色定稿的。不过，最初几年的译校系手写，故均已散佚。1996年换笔改用电脑后虽然数次更换机器，多次重装或升级系统，其中偶然也有丢失，但绝大多数仍保存于硬盘。今特选择自认为比较忠实原文者，分批转帖，名之为《英译学术论文摘要》，以期方家哂正。下面是其二十八。——啮书轩主人启。

英译学术论文摘要【二十八】

I.                       Key to Becoming and Fundamentals for Being an Official

A Discussion on the Role and Value of "Pan" in the Management System of Officials

 during the Tang Dynasty

成官之关键与为官之根本

——论“判”在唐代官吏管理制度中的作用及价值

Every step in selecting officials during the Tang Dynasty cannot do without an investigation of the Chinese character  “Pan” (how to mark and comment an examination paper). And as what is to be examined in the imperial examination is closely related to the vital interests of the selected candidates and their career as an official, how to mark and comment a paper is of especial importance. And this official-selecting mode has greatly improved the skills in writing Panci (comments or appraisal of a paper) of the Tang-Dynasty officials. What the examiner or the electorate officer needs to do is to try, to practice and to learn how to mark and comment a paper (Shi Pan, Lian Pan and Xi Pan). For, this will help enhance the capabilities of an official, and whether a candidate’s capabilities are strong or weak is just what is to be examined. What is more, the writing of Panci is indirectly related to the ranking of the examination performances. Further, influenced by Confucianism and the Imperial Examination System, the Tang-Dynasty officials are mostly selected from the scholars, the writing style of Panci is often than not with an attribute of Wenren Panci (comments of a paper from a scholar). And the Confucian thoughts revealed from Wenren Panci have played a huge promoting role in the formation of the concept of Qing-Li (feelings and reasons) .

II.      The Boxer Incident:

Dynamics behind the Opposition against Superstition

during the Late Qing Dynasty

义和团事件：清末反迷信的原动力

    As a result of the Boxer Incident, the issue of superstition accustomed to by the people became the focus of the public opinion. People from the literati to the intellectual elite not only condemned its falsehood and uselessness, but also pointed out the harm it had done to the country. More, they even took it as the main source for bringing the Boxers into existence, revealing its powerful mental shock to them. And awakened and warned by the Boxer Incident, public opinion in opposition to superstition reached a climax soon after the Incident.  Both the starting point and the goal of this struggle against superstition were deeply influenced by it. And this proves that the Boxer Incident is the very dynamics behind the opposition against superstition during the late Qing Dynasty.

附：原文

一、成官之关键与为官之根本

——论“判”在唐代官吏管理制度中的作用及价值

唐代选官的各环节都离不开对“判”的考察。由于考试的内容与选人的切身利益和仕途前程息息相关，所以做判的水平就显得尤为重要。这种选官方式在很大程度上提升了唐代官吏的判词整体写作水平。选官需要试判，为官同样需要习判、练判。习判、练判对官吏吏能的提升帮助甚大，而吏能的强弱又是官吏考课的重要内容，所以，判词的水准又与官吏的考课等第间接相关。受儒家思想和科举制度的影响，唐朝官吏多以读书人充任，在判词的写作风格上呈现出“文人判”的特质。文人判中所呈现出的儒家思想对中国传统情理观的形成起到了极大的推动作用。

二、义和团事件：清末反迷信的原动力

因义和团事件的发生，使人们习以为常的迷信问题成为舆论关注的焦点，从士人到知识界精英，不仅谴责义和团迷信虚妄无用，还指出其误国危害，甚至将迷信当作产生义和团的主要根源，由此显示义和团事件给予人们心理上的强烈震撼。受义和团迷信误国的深刻警示和刺激，反迷信的舆论在义和团事变后形成一个高峰，无论是反迷信的出发点还是其内容，都受到义和团事件的深刻影响，说明义和团事件乃是清末反迷信的原动力。