英译学术论文摘要【四十四】

按：二十余年来，业余翻译或校对哲学、社会科学等人文学术期刊和师友论文摘要，至今已经译校不少篇什。它们或长或短，或深奥艰涩，或浅显易懂，却都是经过一番努力，数度推敲，几经润色定稿的。不过，最初几年的译校系手写，故均已散佚。1996年换笔改用电脑后虽然数次更换机器，多次重装或升级系统，其中偶然也有丢失，但绝大多数仍保存于硬盘。今特选择自认为比较忠实原文者，分批转帖，名之为《英译学术论文摘要》，以期方家哂正。下面是其四十四。——啮书轩主人启。

英译学术论文摘要【四十四】

I.                   “To Be What It Is Not:”

An Affirmative Proposition in Satre’s Dramas

“是其所不是”：萨特戏剧的肯定性命题

The affirmative proposition of “To be what it is not” (or "To be what is not" rather) embodied in Satre’s existential doctrine of values is mainly manifested as freedom and freedom of choice in his dramas. The issue of freedom and freedom of choice indicates that objective laws cannot limit man's subjective attitude towards reality though it may prescribe his real situation, and that freedom and freedom of choice must bear the ethical responsibility so as to enrich the subjective pursuit of the doctrine of values with meanings of social reality.

II.                An Interpretation of Alexandra in Terms of Eco-Theology:

On O, Pioneer! by Cather

生态神学视野下的亚历山德拉

——论凯瑟的《啊，拓荒者！》

     O, Pioneer! is the first novel written by Cather with the pioneers’ life as its theme. In the novel, Cather portrays Alexandra, a brilliant ecological image of women, who does not disgrace God's mission to manage the land well during her pioneering life. She has constructed a poetic life on the land and achieved self-transcendence and sublimation of the values of life. To appreciate this novel from the angle of eco-theology will be conducive to the promotion of positive interaction between natural ecology and that of humanistic spirit, and to the re-examination of the relationship between man and nature, so as to build a harmonious, healthy biological community.

                           III.                  The Subversion of Traditional Literary Criticism:

On the Essence of Against Interpretation

传统批评观的颠覆

──论苏珊·桑塔格 “反对阐释”的实质

     The new literary view of against Interpretation advanced by Susan Sontag, a famous American female cultural critic, radically questions traditional literary criticism. It objects to the style of traditional literary criticism whose aim is to excavate the deeper meanings of the text, to making art equivalent to morality, to the repulsion and oppression of content against form, of the moral against appreciation of the beautiful, and of rationality against sensibility in textual criticism; but advocates democracy of literary criticism, seeks for a balance between the aesthetic and the moral, and demands that literary works be experienced with the perceptual. Its essence is just the subversion of traditional literary criticism, and, therefore, is  still of vitally important enlightening significance for today’s critical practice of literature and art.
    

 附：原文

          一、“是其所不是”：萨特戏剧的肯定性命题

萨特存在主义人生价值论包含的“是其所不是的”肯定性命题，在萨特戏剧里主要表现为自由与自由选择问题。自由与自由选择问题告诉人们，客观的规律可以规定人的现实处境，但不能限定人对待现实处境的主观态度,自由与自由选择还必须承担伦理责任，从而为价值论的主观追求充实了社会现实意义。

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    二、生态神学视野下的亚历山德拉

            ——论凯瑟的《啊，拓荒者！》

《啊，拓荒者！》是凯瑟以拓荒者生活为素材创作的第一部长篇小说。在小说中，作家塑造了一位高大的生态女性形象——亚历山德拉，她不辱上帝的使命，在拓荒的过程中对土地实施了良好的托管，建构了诗意的人生，实现了自我超越与生命价值的升华。以生态神学批评的视角欣赏这部作品，有助于推动自然生态与人文精神生态之间的良性互动，重新审视人与自然的关系，建设一个健康、和谐的生物共同体。

三、传统批评观的颠覆

──论苏珊·桑塔格 “反对阐释”的实质

美国著名文化批评家苏珊·桑塔格提出的“反对阐释”，对传统的文艺批评提出了根本的质疑，反对旨在挖掘文本的深层意义的传统批评风格，反对把艺术等同于道德，反对文本批评中内容对形式、道德对审美、理性对感性的排斥与欺压，提倡艺术批评的民主化，寻求审美与道德的平衡，要求用感性去体验艺术作品。“反对阐释”的精神实质是对传统批评观的颠覆，因此对今天的文艺批评实践仍有极其重要的启示意义。