英国文学选读要点Chapter 5（40--49）
The Modern Period现代时期
（IV）T. S. Eliot T.S.埃略特
40. His first important poem，“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock，”appeared in 1915.他的第一首重要诗作“J. A.布鲁富克劳的情歌”于1915年问世。
41. He won various awards， including the Nobel Prize and the Order of Merit in 1948.他一生荣获许多大奖，包括1948年的诺贝尔文学奖与功绩勋位。
42. As a young man with bitter disillusionment and with boldness in the handling of language， Eliot had explore in his early poetry various aspects of decay of culture in the modern Western world， expressing a sense of the disintegration of life.作为一个经历过幻灭痛苦的青年，凭借着灵活运用语言的勇气，埃略特在早期诗歌中探索了现代化西方文明在各方个面的衰败，传达出一种生命崩溃的悲观。
43. The poem is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream-of-consciousness technique.《衰老》一诗很大程度上效仿了乔伊斯的意识流手法，而且埃略特在以后的创作中也大量运用了意识流。
44. The Hollow Men， which bears a strong thematic resemblance to The Waste Land， is generally regarded as the darkest of Eliot’s poems.《空洞的人》在主题上十分近似《荒原》，是埃略特最黑暗的诗。
45. “The Waste Land”not only presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation in the modern Western world， but also reflects the prevalent mood of disillusionment and despair of a whole post-war generation.《荒原》不仅全面展现了现代西方社会物质上的错乱和精神上的颓败，而且也反映出战后一代人中盛行的幻灭与绝望。
46. The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning， significance and purpose.《荒原》一诗的主题是表现现代文明中人们精神的堕落与崩溃，人生已失去了意义与目的。
47. In his famous essay，“Tradition and individual Talent，”Eliot put great emphasis on the importance of tradition both in creative writing and in criticism.在著名散文“传统与个人天才”中，他强调传统对创作与评论两方面的重要作用。
48. Eliot came to believe that the illness of the modern world was of the sum of individual souls， and that the cure could only be obtained by the change of the individual souls through the religious salvation.埃略特认为现代社会的弊病是每个社会成员灵魂深处弊病的总合，只有通过宗教救赎人的灵魂才能救治整个社会。
49. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock：The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue， suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended love song and a confession of the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life a sterile upper-class world.“J. A.布鲁富克劳的情歌”：全诗的形式是戏剧独白，暗示了虚假的“情歌”与主人公自己承认的无法直面爱情及无聊得上流社会生活之间的讽刺性对照。
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