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贾谊《过秦论》(节选1)(Burton Watson英译)

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秦孝公据殽函之固(1),拥雍州之地(2),君臣固守,而窥周室(3);有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意,并吞八荒之心(4)。当是时,商君佐之(5),内立法度,务耕织,修守战之备;外连衡而斗诸侯(6)。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外(7)。

 

Duke Xiao of Qin, relying upon the strength of Mt. Yao andthe Hangu Pass and basing himself in the area of Yongzhou, with his ministersheld fast to his land and eyed the house of Zhou, for he cherished a desire toroll up the empire like a mat, to bind into one the whole world, to bag all theland within the four seas; he had it in his heart to swallow up everything inthe eight directions. At this time he was aided by Lord Shang, who at home setup laws for him, encouraged agriculture and weaving, and built up theinstruments of war, and abroad contracted military alliances and attacked theother feudal lords. Thus the men of Qin were able with ease to acquireterritory east of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

 

【注释】

1)秦孝公:名渠梁,公元前361338年在位。他支持变法,使秦国开始走上了国富兵强的道路。殽(yáo摇)函:殽山和函谷关。殽山在今河南洛宁县北,函谷关在今河南灵宝县,东至殽山,西至潼津。

2)雍州:古九州之一,其地域约相当于今陕西中部和北部、甘肃全部和青海部分地区。

3)周室:指衰弱的东周王朝。

4)八荒:即八方。古人把东南西北称作四方,把东南、东北、西南、西北称作四隅,合称八方。此泛指荒远的地方。

5)商君:即商鞅,原是卫国的庶公子,称卫鞅,好刑名之学。入秦后佐秦孝公主持变法,以功封于商(今陕西商县),号曰商君。

6)连衡:即连横。古人以东西为横,以南北为纵。地处西方的秦和处于东方的齐、楚等国联合起来以攻打别国,叫连横;东方各国北自燕,南至楚联合起来抗秦,叫合纵。

7)拱手:两手合抱,喻很轻松的样子。西河之外:指魏国在黄河以西的地区。秦孝公二十二年(前340),秦国派商鞅讨伐魏国,大破魏军,并俘虏了公子卬。魏国割河西之地给秦国。


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