尚书 The Book of
History -- 《说命中-- Charge to Yue II》(James Legge
英译)(1)
惟说命总百官1，乃进于王曰2：“呜呼！明王奉若天道3，建邦设都4，树后王君公5，承以大夫师长6，不惟逸豫7，惟以乱民8。
Yue having
received his charge, and taken the presidency of all the officers,
he presented himself before the king, and said, 'Oh! intelligent
kings act in reverent accordance with the ways of Heaven. The
founding of states and the setting up of capitals, the appointing
of sovereign kings, of dukes and other nobles, with their great
officers and heads of departments, were not designed to minister to
the idleness and pleasures (of one), but for the good government of
the people.
【注释】
1.说：傅说。命：使也，使人为事谓之命。此称王命也。总：总理之。（总理：官名，古称宰相。）百官：《荀子》“古者天子千官，诸侯百官。”言官之数有百也。后言百官，于义如群官也。
2.进：奉与之曰进。进言也。王：商王武丁。
3.明王：圣王，睿智有远见之王。明，清明也。《尚书·太甲中》“视远惟明”。奉：受也。《尚书·咸有一德》“克享天心，受天明命。”若：顺也。《尚书·尧典》“钦若昊天”。天道：天理也。道，理也。谓一定之理，人所共由之路也。《易》“天道下济而光明”。《尚书·汤诰》“天道福善祸淫”。《尚书·说命中》“明王奉若天道”。天道的思想是中国传统文化的核心内容。
4.建邦：立国也。建，立也，置也。《易》“先王以建万国，亲诸侯。”《尚书·洪范》“皇建其有极”。邦，国也。设都：设置都城。设，立也。《汉书》“高帝设之以抚四海”。都，国都也。区域之名，小曰邑，大曰都。《左传》“凡邑有宗庙先君之主曰都，无曰邑。”《周礼》“四县为都”。（方四十里）。
5.树：立也。《尚书·毕命》“树之风声”。后王：君王也。君公：诸侯之称。
6.承：奉也。大夫：官称也，三代之官，以卿、大夫、士三者为等级，而大夫又分上中下三等。师长：谓先生长者也。
7.逸豫：安逸享乐。《五代史·伶官传序》“忧劳兴国，逸豫亡身。”逸，安乐也。《孟子》“逸居而无教”。豫，安乐也。《诗》“逸豫无期”。《尚书·太甲中》“王懋乃德，视乃烈祖，无时豫怠。”
8.乱民：谓治其民也。言立之主使治民。乱，治也。《尚书·泰誓中》“予有乱臣十人”。民为邦本，治民即治国也。
惟天聪明1，惟圣时宪2，惟臣钦若3，惟民从乂4，惟口起羞5，惟甲胄起戎6，惟衣裳在笥7，惟干戈省厥躬8。王惟戒兹9，允兹克明10，乃罔不休11。
It is Heaven
which is all-intelligent and observing - let the sage (king) take
it as his pattern. Then his ministers will reverently accord with
him, and the people consequently will be well governed.'It is the
mouth that gives occasion for shame; they are the coat of mail and
helmet that give occasion to war. The upper robes and lower
garments (for reward should not be lightly taken from) their
chests; before spear and shield are used, one should examine
himself. If your Majesty will be cautious in regard to these
things, and, believing this about them, attain to the intelligent
use of them, (your government) will in everything be
excellent.
【注释】
1.惟：发语词。天：谓天子。聪明：耳聪目明。《尚书·皋陶谟》“天聪明，自我民聪明。”《尚书·洪范》“五事：一曰貌，二曰言，三曰视，四曰听，五曰思。貌曰恭，言曰从，视曰明，听曰聪，思曰睿。恭作肃，从作乂，明作晢，聪作谋，睿作圣。”
2.圣：圣王也。凡极至者谓之圣，如书圣、诗圣、圣王。时：机会也。《论语》“好从事而亟失时”。宪：法令也。《尚书·说命下》“监于先王成宪”。
3.钦：敬也。若：顺也。
4.从：听从。《论语》“法语之言，能无从乎。”乂：治也。《尚书·尧典》“有能俾乂”。
5.口：口实，犹俗言话柄也。《尚书·仲虺之诰》“予恐来世以台为口实”。人们常称失言为“口过”，《孝经》“言满天下无口过”。起羞：犹言蒙羞也。羞，耻也。
6.甲胄：盔甲也。兵士曰甲，戎：战争曰戎。
7.衣：身之所被者，统称曰衣。《诗》“岂曰无衣，与子同袍。”裳：下帬（同裙）也。《释名》“下曰裳”。笥（sì）：盛物器也，或以竹为之，园者曰箪，方者曰笥。
8.干戈：古战时用干戈，因以干戈为武器之总名。《礼》“能执干戈以卫社稷”。省（xǐng）：视也，察也。《论语》“吾日三省吾身”。厥：其也。躬：身也。《诗》“我躬不阅”。
9.戒：警也。《尚书·大禹谟》“警戒无虞”。兹：此也。即上述敬天顺民、任人唯贤的道理。
10.允：用也。克：能也。明：清明也。
11.罔：无也。休：美善也，庆也。
