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大黄蜂在什么情况下会飞走?

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by Sid Perkins     胡德良  

 

 Along with sight and smell, bumblebees can detect flowers via their electric fields. Scientists already knew that as bumblebees fly, their wings generate positively charged static electricity. Flowers usually have a negative charge compared with the air, a difference that helps carry pollen from a flower to a bumblebee pollinating it (shown here). Now, lab tests reveal that bumblebees can learn to distinguish artificial flowers providing a sweet solution and having a certain pattern of electric field from similar artificial blossoms dosed with bitter liquids that sport a distinctly different electric field. These results suggest that the insects can also distinguish among natural flowers by their electric charge, researchers report online in Science. This matters because a flower's charge changes temporarily after a bumblebee visits it, possibly helping other bees avoid a flower that's now low in pollen. Furthermore, the researchers contend, if bumblebees can distinguish among blossoms with a lot or a little nectar, the insects won't be turned off by an entire species of flower after a few low-reward experiences.  大黄蜂拥有视觉和嗅觉,可以通过自身的电场去找到花。科学家们早已了解到,当大黄蜂飞行的时候,它们的翅膀上产生带有正电荷静电。相对于空气来说,花朵通常带有负电荷,这种差异有助于将花粉从花朵转移到参与授粉的大黄蜂身上。现在,实验室的试验表明,大黄蜂能够学会在带有甜溶液并有着某种电场的假花和甜味较小并有着明显不同电场的假花之间进行区别。今天,研究人员在《科学》杂志在线版上报道说:这些结果表明,这种昆虫也可以通过自身的电荷来区别天然花朵。这种能力很重要,因为在一只黄蜂到访之后,一朵花的电荷会临时有所变化,这样也许能够帮助其他的大黄蜂来回避那些花粉临时含量低的花朵。此外,研究人员认为,如果大黄蜂可以区别花朵花蜜含量的高低,那么,这种昆虫不会因为几次收获不大的经历而离开整个这一类的花卉。
   译自:美国《科学》杂志网站(21 February 2013, 2:00 PM

原著:Sid Perkins

 

 


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