今有一人，入人园圃，窃其桃李，众闻则非之，上为政者得则罚之。此何也？以亏人自利也。至攘人犬豕鸡豚者，其不义，又甚入人园圃窃桃李。是何故也？以亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。至入人栏厩、取人牛马者，其不仁义，又甚攘人犬豕鸡豚。此何故也？以其亏人愈多。苟亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。至杀不辜人也，扡其衣裘、取戈剑者，其不义，又甚入人栏厩，取人牛马。此何故也？以其亏人愈多。苟亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚矣！罪益厚。当此天下之君子皆知而非之，谓之不义。今至大为攻国，则弗知非，从而誉之，谓之义。此可谓知义与不义之别乎？
杀一人，谓之不义，必有一死罪矣。若以此说往，杀十人，十重不义，必有十死罪矣；杀百人，百重不义，必有百死罪矣。当此天下之君子皆知而非之，谓之不义。今至大为不义攻国，则弗知非，从而誉之，谓之义。情不知其不义也，故书其言以遗后世；若知其不义也，夫奚说书其不义以遗后世哉？
今有人于此，少见黑曰黑，多见黑曰白，则以此人不知白黑之辩矣；少尝苦曰苦，多尝苦曰甘，则必以此人为不知甘苦之辩矣。今小为非，则知而非之；大为非攻国，则不知非，从而誉之，谓之义。此可谓知义与不义之辩乎？是以知天下之君子也，辩义与不义之乱也。
林语堂 译：
Against Wars of Aggression（rom Book of MOTSE）
If a man breaks into a private garden and steals peaches and plums, and it is found out, the people will condemn it as wrong. If he is caught by the authorities, he is punished. Why? Because he injures others. If a man robs his neighbor of chicken and pig and dogs, it is considered a more serious offense. Why? Because the injury done to others is greater. If the injury committed is greater, the ma is considered to be worse and the punishment is greater. If a man now goes into someone’s stables and steals his horses or cattle, he is considered to be still worse than the stealer of chicken and pigs and dogs. Why? Because the injury done is greater, he does more harm to others, and his crime is still greater. To go further, if a man kills an innocent man, takes away his clothing and his spear and sword, the offense is still greater than that of stealing horses and cattle. Why? Because the more harm he does to others, the worse he is considered to be and the greater the crime. All educated men condemn such actions and call them wrong. But the same persons do not realize that a war of aggression against another country is wrong, but instead praise it and give it their support. They consider that it is right to do so. Can these people be said to know the difference between right and wrong?
It is considered wrong to kill one person, and the crime is punished for one murder. Following this reasoning, the crime of committing ten murders is ten times worse than that of killing one man, and the murderer’s crime is ten times greater. To kill one hundred persons would be a hundred times worse and the crime is multiplied a hundredfold. All educated men condemn such murders and call them wrong. But the same persons do not realize that a war of aggression against another country is wrong, but instead praise it and give it their support. They consider that it is right to do so. They are really not conscious that it is wrong, for they write about such wars of aggression in their history books. If they knew that it was wrong, they would not have done so.
If a man calls something which is a little black “black,” but calls deep black “white,” then it may be said of him that he does not know the difference between black and white. If a man tastes something slightly bitter and calls it “bitter,” but calls what is very bitter “sweet,” he, too, may be said not to know the difference between sweetness and bitterness. Now if a man condemns a small wrong as “wrong,” but does not consider the great wrong of aggression against a neighbor, but gives it praise and support, how can such a man be said to know the difference between right and wrong? It is therefore seen that the educated men of this world do not know the difference between right and wrong.
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