原文地址:悼亡诗、庆婚曲、歌 作者
第三节
歌
歌(song)是诗歌的一种,与其他诗歌不同的是,歌主要用来配上乐曲唱,因而也就有歌曲的特点,诸如合唱,反复等。例如:
’T was at the royal
feast,
for Persia
won
By
Philip’s warlike son:
Aloft in awful
state
The godlike hero
sate
On his
imperial throne;
His valiant
peers were placed around;
Their brows
with roses and with myrtles bound:
(So should desert in
arms be crowned).
The lovely
Thaïs,
by his side,
Sate like a blooming Eastern
bride
In flower of
youth and beauty’s pride.
Happy,
happy,
happy pair!
None but the
brave,
None but the
brave,
None but the brave deserves
the fair.
Chorus
Happy,
happy,
happy pair!
None but the
brave,
None but the
brave,
None but the brave deserves
the fair. [12]
(John
Dryden:
Alexander’s Feast or The Power of Music;
an Ode in Honor of St.
Celilia’s Day)
那是在皇家宴会,因为波斯
被腓力王好战之子战胜:
高高在上,令人敬畏
如神的英雄坐在
帝王的宝座。
他英勇的同伴坐四周
额头装饰玫瑰和桃金娘,
(沙漠也应该用武器加冠)
漂亮的泰依丝坐在他身旁,
像正在盛开的东方新娘,
是青春的花朵,是美的骄傲。
幸福,幸福,幸福的情侣,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁值得拥有这美女。
//
合唱 //
幸福,幸福,幸福的情侣,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁值得拥有这美女。
此诗是纪念西西莉亚节的颂歌。西西莉亚是罗马女子,早期基督徒,约在公元230年殉难。相传她是管风琴的发明者,被尊为音乐保护神。1683至1703年期间,伦敦一音乐组织每年在西西莉亚节(
11月22日)举行宗教仪式和音乐会。此诗作于1697年,歌颂音乐的力量。它以亚历山大大帝一生中一段著名经历为基础。他举兵入小亚系亚,大败波斯王。攻克波斯首都后,举行盛大宴会,招待诸将领。席间,其雅典情妇泰依丝(Thaïs)叫他烧毁宫殿,以报波斯王烧毁雅典之仇,亚历山大果然从命。英籍德国作曲家亨德尔于1736年为此诗谱曲,使其流传很广。
又如莎士比亚《无事生非》中的一段歌:
Sigh no
more,
ladies,
sigh no more,
Men were
deceivers ever;
One foot in
sea,
and one on
shore,
To one thing constant
never.
Then sigh not
so,
But let them
go,
And be you
blithe and bonny,
Converting all your sounds of
woe
Into Hey
nonny,
nonny.
Sing no more
ditties,
sing no
mo
Of dumps so
dull and heavy;
The fraud of
men was ever so,
Since summer first was
leavy.
Then sigh not
so,
But let them
go,
And be you
blithe and bonny,
Converting all your sounds of
woe
Into hey
nonny,
nonny.
[13]
(William
Shakespeare:
Much Ado About
Nothing,
Act II,
Scene III)
别再叹气,小姐们,别再叹气,
男人总是要欺骗;
一脚在海里,一脚在陆地,
永远不会专一不变。
那么就别长吁短叹,
让他们去胡搅乱干,
你自己要欢天喜地,
把你的哀声一变
而为“海侬呢,海侬呢。”//
别再唱歌,别再唱
这样沉闷悲苦的歌;
男人的欺诈总是这样,
夏天叶子总是长得多。
那么就别长吁短叹,
让他们去胡搅乱干,
你自己要欢天喜地,
把你的哀声一变
而为“海侬呢,海侬呢。”(
梁实秋
译)
这是阿拉冈亲王唐佩德娄的仆人巴尔萨泽的一段唱词。歌的特点是反复重复一些词句。
以下是莎剧《如愿》中陪同被放逐的公爵的一个名叫哀米安斯的贵族的一段唱词。
Blow,
blow,
thou winter
wind,
Thou art not so
unkind
As
man’s ingratitude;
Thy tooth is
not so keen,
Because thou
art not seen,
Although thy breath be
rude.
Heigh-ho!
Sing,
heigh-ho!
unto the green
holly:
Most
friendship is feigning,
most loving mere
folly:
Then,
heigh-ho,
the holly!
This life is most
jolly.
Freeze,
freeze,
thou bitter
sky,
That dost not bite so
nigh
As benefits
forgot:
Though thou
the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so
sharp
As friend remembered
not.
Heigh-ho!
Sing,
heigh-ho!
unto the green
holly:
Most
friendship is feigning,
most loving mere
folly:
Then,
heigh-ho,
the holly!
This life is most jolly.
[14]
(William
Shakespeare:
As You Like
It,
Act II,
Scene VII)
吹,吹,冬天的风,
你不似人间的忘恩负义
那样的伤天害理;
你的牙不是那样的尖,
因为你本是没有行迹,
虽然你的呼吸甚厉。
咳喉!咳喉!来对冬青唱只曲:
多半友谊是假,多半爱情是愚。
咳喉!冬青!这里的生活最有趣。//
冻,冻,严酷的天,
你似人间的负义忘恩
那般深刻的伤人;
你虽然能改变水性,
你的尖刺却不够凶,
像那不念旧交的人。//
咳喉!咳喉!来对冬青唱只曲:
多半友谊是假,多半爱情是愚。
咳喉!冬青!这里的生活最有趣。(
梁实秋
译)
再如《暴风雨》第一幕第二场,精灵爱丽尔的一段唱词:
Full fathom
five thy father lies,
Of his bones
are coral made;
Those are
pearls that were his eyes;
But doth suffer a
sea-change
Into something rich and
strange.
Sea nymphs
hourly ring his knell:
(Burden)Ding-dong.
Hark!
Now I hear
them—Ding-dong bell. [15]
(William
Shakespeare:
The Tempest,
Act I,
Scene II)
五噚的水深处躺着你的父亲,
他的骨骼已化成珊瑚;
他的眼睛是耀眼的明珠;
他消失的全身没有一处不曾
受到海水神气的变幻,
化成瑰宝,富丽而珍怪。
海的女神时时摇起他的丧钟,
(和声)叮!咚!。
听!我现在听到了叮咚的丧钟。(申恩荣
译)
罗伯特•勃朗宁在诗剧《比芭经过》(Pippa
Passes)中也有插曲:
The
year’s at the spring
And
day’s at the morn;
Morning’s at seven;
The
hillside’s dew-pearled;
The
lark’s on the wing;
The snails on
the thorn;
God’s in His heaven__
All’s right with the world!
[16]
(Robert
Browning:
Pippa’s Song)
一年中早春,
一天中清晨,
早晨七点多清新;
山坡露珠闪光,
云雀飞翔高空,
蜗牛喜欢蠕动;
上帝安居天堂——
世上一切顺当!(宗白
译)
丁尼生的长篇叙事诗《公主》第三版插有多首短歌,19世纪和20世纪的一些作曲家曾为这些诗谱过曲,其中就有插在第三章开始处的摇篮曲《轻柔的风,低微的风》:
Sweet and
low,
sweet and
low,
Wind of the
western sea,
Low,
low,
breathe and
blow,
Wind of the
western sea!
Over the
rolling waters go,
Come from the
dying moon,
and blow,
Blow him
again to me;
While my
little one,
while my pretty
one,
sleeps.
Sleep and
rest,
sleep and
rest,
Father will
come to thee soon;
Rest,
test,
on mother’s breast,
Father will
come to thee soon;
Father will
come to his babe in the nest,
Silver sails all out of the
west
Under the
silver moon:
Sleep,
my little
one,
sleep,
my pretty
one,
sleep.
[17]
(Alfred
Tennyson:
The Princess)
轻柔的风,低微的风,
吹自西方的海面上,
微微地吹来一阵阵,
吹自西方的海面上!
吹过海面上的波浪滚滚,
吹自将隐没的月色昏沉,
把他吹到我身旁,
趁我漂亮的小宝宝正熟睡。//
静静地睡,稳稳地睡,
爸就会来到你身边,
睡呀睡,在妈怀里睡,
爸就会来到你身边;
爸就来看窝里的小宝贝——
凭着西天里月儿的银辉
和张起的面面银帆:
睡吧睡,我漂亮的小宝贝。(黄杲炘
译)
第二节
庆婚曲
顾名思义,庆婚曲(Epitholamion or
marriage songs)是庆祝婚姻的诗作。最具代表性的是斯宾塞的《祝婚曲》(Epithalamion,
1595),全诗包括二十三个诗节,每个诗节从十七行到十九行不等。诗中以新娘和新郎为中心,周围是城镇街衢,即社会环境。城外是自然环境,在这外围又呈现出神话世界,神话世界之上,则是基督教天国。总之,社会与自然、现实与想象、异教与基督教等众多因素融为一体,创造了一个无限浩淼的宇宙空间。正是从宇宙空间那黎明前的阴郁和沉寂开始,诗中首先出现了神话人物。在这种氛围之中,新娘从娘家出发。随着旭日东升,人类社会看见庆婚队列穿过城镇街衢,来到教堂,举行神圣的婚仪。接着是喜庆活动。夜幕降临后,众人散去,只把一对新婚夫妇留在洞房,这时又再次出现神话人物和广阔宇宙。全诗以广阔的宇宙开始和结束。在这广阔的背景上,全诗以第十二、十三两诗节描写教堂婚仪为中心,象征性地把人间之爱与神爱结合在一起,构成了一曲宇宙欢乐的颂歌。其第十三诗节(即第223行~第241行)如下:
Behold whiles she before the
altar stands
Hearing the holy priest that
to her speaks
And blesseth
her with his two happy hands,
How the red
roses flush up in her cheeks,
And the pure
snow with goodly vermill stain,
Like crimson
dye in grain,
That even th'
Angels which continually,
About the
sacred Altar doe remain,
Forget their
service and about her fly,
Oft peeping
in her face that seems more fair,
The more they on it
stare.
But her sad
eyes still fastened on the ground,
Are governed
with goodly modesty,
That suffers
not one look to glance awry,
Which may let
in a little thought unsound,
Why blush ye
love to give to me your hand,
The pledge of
all our band?
Sing ye sweet
Angels Alleluya sing,
That all the woods may answer
and your echo ring.
看啊,她这时在圣坛前面站住,
聆听着神圣的牧师对她讲话,
牧师赐福的双手在为她祝福,
看啊,红玫瑰初放在她的双颊,
美丽的朱砂在纯净白雪上点缀,
像鲜红染料永不退。
那些天使们一直未离开圣坛,
他们围绕着圣坛不停地翻飞,
忘记了服务,在她的四周盘旋,
不时地窥视她的脸——越凝神细瞅,
她的脸儿越俊秀。
但她那羞怯的目光却始终紧紧
盯着地面,为谦恭美德所控制,
决不让自己的眼睛稍稍斜视,
因为那会使不洁的思想入侵。
爱人啊,你的手是我们结合的信物,
给我时为何害羞?
可爱的天使,把哈利路亚高唱,
万木将随声相和,你们的回声嘹亮。(胡家峦译))
斯宾塞的《迎婚曲》(Prothalamion,
1596)是诗人为庆祝伍斯特伯爵萨默塞特两个女儿在埃塞克斯府邸举行的婚礼而写的贺诗。全诗共十个诗节,其开始部分如下:
Calm was the
day,
and through the trembling
air
Sweet-breathing Zephyrus did softly play―
A gentle
spirit,
that lightly did
delay
Hot
Titan’s beams,
which then did glister
fair;
When I
(whom sullen
care,
Through discontent of my long
fruitless stay
In
princes’
court,
and expectation
vain
Of idle
hopes,
which still do fly
away
Like empty
shadows,
did afflict my
brain),
Walk’d forth to ease my pain
Along the
shore of silver-streaming Thames;
Whose rutty
bank,
the which his river
hems,
Was painted
all with variable flowers,
And all the
meads adorn’d with dainty gems
Fit to deck
maidens’
bowers,
And crown their
paramours
Against the
bridal day,
which is not
long:
Sweet
Thames!
run softly,
till I end my
song.
宁静的日子啊,穿过微颤的大气,
和畅的西风在空中飘舞轻盈,
那温柔的精灵,使太阳稍稍减轻
火热的光焰,照耀得和煦明丽;
我心中愁烦郁悒,
不满于长期一无所获地滞留
在王室宫廷,徒然无益地空抱
渺茫的希望,那希望相继飞走,
犹如虚幻的暗影,使我头痛心焦,
沿着银波荡洋的泰晤士河岸,
河岸上繁枝密布,为河水镶边,
绘出了姹紫嫣红,百花齐放,
所有的草坪有玉石珠翠镶嵌,
适合装饰闺房,
戴在情人们头上,
迎接他们的佳期,它就在不久,
可爱的泰晤士河轻轻流,流到歌尽头。(胡家峦译)
第三节
歌
歌(song)是诗歌的一种,与其他诗歌不同的是,歌主要用来配上乐曲唱,因而也就有歌曲的特点,诸如合唱,反复等。例如:
’T was at the royal
feast,
for Persia
won
By
Philip’s warlike son:
Aloft in awful
state
The godlike hero
sate
On his
imperial throne;
His valiant
peers were placed around;
Their brows
with roses and with myrtles bound:
(So should desert in
arms be crowned).
The lovely
Thaïs,
by his side,
Sate like a blooming Eastern
bride
In flower of
youth and beauty’s pride.
Happy,
happy,
happy pair!
None but the
brave,
None but the
brave,
None but the brave deserves
the fair.
Chorus
Happy,
happy,
happy pair!
None but the
brave,
None but the
brave,
None but the brave deserves
the fair. [12]
(John
Dryden:
Alexander’s Feast or The Power of Music;
an Ode in Honor of St.
Celilia’s Day)
那是在皇家宴会,因为波斯
被腓力王好战之子战胜:
高高在上,令人敬畏
如神的英雄坐在
帝王的宝座。
他英勇的同伴坐四周
额头装饰玫瑰和桃金娘,
(沙漠也应该用武器加冠)
漂亮的泰依丝坐在他身旁,
像正在盛开的东方新娘,
是青春的花朵,是美的骄傲。
幸福,幸福,幸福的情侣,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁值得拥有这美女。
//
合唱 //
幸福,幸福,幸福的情侣,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁,
除勇猛者没有谁值得拥有这美女。
此诗是纪念西西莉亚节的颂歌。西西莉亚是罗马女子,早期基督徒,约在公元230年殉难。相传她是管风琴的发明者,被尊为音乐保护神。1683至1703年期间,伦敦一音乐组织每年在西西莉亚节(11月22日)举行宗教仪式和音乐会。此诗作于1697年,歌颂音乐的力量。它以亚历山大大帝一生中一段著名经历为基础。他举兵入小亚系亚,大败波斯王。攻克波斯首都后,举行盛大宴会,招待诸将领。席间,其雅典情妇泰依丝(Thaïs)叫他烧毁宫殿,以报波斯王烧毁雅典之仇,亚历山大果然从命。英籍德国作曲家亨德尔于1736年为此诗谱曲,使其流传很广。
又如莎士比亚《无事生非》中的一段歌:
Sigh no
more,
ladies,
sigh no more,
Men were
deceivers ever;
One foot in
sea,
and one on
shore,
To one thing constant
never.
Then sigh not
so,
But let them
go,
And be you
blithe and bonny,
Converting all your sounds of
woe
Into Hey
nonny,
nonny.
Sing no more
ditties,
sing no
mo
Of dumps so
dull and heavy;
The fraud of
men was ever so,
Since summer first was
leavy.
Then sigh not
so,
But let them
go,
And be you
blithe and bonny,
Converting all your sounds of
woe
Into hey
nonny,
nonny.
[13]
(William
Shakespeare:
Much Ado About
Nothing,
Act II,
Scene III)
别再叹气,小姐们,别再叹气,
男人总是要欺骗;
一脚在海里,一脚在陆地,
永远不会专一不变。
那么就别长吁短叹,
让他们去胡搅乱干,
你自己要欢天喜地,
把你的哀声一变
而为“海侬呢,海侬呢。”//
别再唱歌,别再唱
这样沉闷悲苦的歌;
男人的欺诈总是这样,
夏天叶子总是长得多。
那么就别长吁短叹,
让他们去胡搅乱干,
你自己要欢天喜地,
把你的哀声一变
而为“海侬呢,海侬呢。”(
梁实秋
译)
这是阿拉冈亲王唐佩德娄的仆人巴尔萨泽的一段唱词。歌的特点是反复重复一些词句。
以下是莎剧《如愿》中陪同被放逐的公爵的一个名叫哀米安斯的贵族的一段唱词。
Blow,
blow,
thou winter
wind,
Thou art not so
unkind
As
man’s ingratitude;
Thy tooth is
not so keen,
Because thou
art not seen,
Although thy breath be
rude.
Heigh-ho!
Sing,
heigh-ho!
unto the green
holly:
Most
friendship is feigning,
most loving mere
folly:
Then,
heigh-ho,
the holly!
This life is most
jolly.
Freeze,
freeze,
thou bitter
sky,
That dost not bite so
nigh
As benefits
forgot:
Though thou
the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so
sharp
As friend remembered
not.
Heigh-ho!
Sing,
heigh-ho!
unto the green
holly:
Most
friendship is feigning,
most loving mere
folly:
Then,
heigh-ho,
the holly!
This life is most jolly.
[14]
(William
Shakespeare:
As You Like
It,
Act II,
Scene VII)
吹,吹,冬天的风,
你不似人间的忘恩负义
那样的伤天害理;
你的牙不是那样的尖,
因为你本是没有行迹,
虽然你的呼吸甚厉。
咳喉!咳喉!来对冬青唱只曲:
多半友谊是假,多半爱情是愚。
咳喉!冬青!这里的生活最有趣。//
冻,冻,严酷的天,
你似人间的负义忘恩
那般深刻的伤人;
你虽然能改变水性,
你的尖刺却不够凶,
像那不念旧交的人。//
咳喉!咳喉!来对冬青唱只曲:
多半友谊是假,多半爱情是愚。
咳喉!冬青!这里的生活最有趣。(
梁实秋
译)
再如《暴风雨》第一幕第二场,精灵爱丽尔的一段唱词:
Full fathom
five thy father lies,
Of his bones
are coral made;
Those are
pearls that were his eyes;
But doth suffer a
sea-change
Into something rich and
strange.
Sea nymphs
hourly ring his knell:
(Burden)Ding-dong.
Hark!
Now I hear
them—Ding-dong bell. [15]
(William
Shakespeare:
The Tempest,
Act I,
Scene II)
五噚的水深处躺着你的父亲,
他的骨骼已化成珊瑚;
他的眼睛是耀眼的明珠;
他消失的全身没有一处不曾
受到海水神气的变幻,
化成瑰宝,富丽而珍怪。
海的女神时时摇起他的丧钟,
(和声)叮!咚!。
听!我现在听到了叮咚的丧钟。(申恩荣
译)
罗伯特•勃朗宁在诗剧《比芭经过》(Pippa
Passes)中也有插曲:
The
year’s at the spring
And
day’s at the morn;
Morning’s at seven;
The
hillside’s dew-pearled;
The
lark’s on the wing;
The snails on
the thorn;
God’s in His heaven__
All’s right with the world!
[16]
(Robert
Browning:
Pippa’s Song)
一年中早春,
一天中清晨,
早晨七点多清新;
山坡露珠闪光,
云雀飞翔高空,
蜗牛喜欢蠕动;
上帝安居天堂——
世上一切顺当!(宗白
译)
丁尼生的长篇叙事诗《公主》第三版插有多首短歌,19世纪和20世纪的一些作曲家曾为这些诗谱过曲,其中就有插在第三章开始处的摇篮曲《轻柔的风,低微的风》:
Sweet and
low,
sweet and
low,
Wind of the
western sea,
Low,
low,
breathe and
blow,
Wind of the
western sea!
Over the
rolling waters go,
Come from the
dying moon,
and blow,
Blow him
again to me;
While my
little one,
while my pretty
one,
sleeps.
Sleep and
rest,
sleep and
rest,
Father will
come to thee soon;
Rest,
test,
on mother’s breast,
Father will
come to thee soon;
Father will
come to his babe in the nest,
Silver sails all out of the
west
Under the
silver moon:
Sleep,
my little
one,
sleep,
my pretty
one,
sleep.
[17]
(Alfred
Tennyson:
The Princess)
轻柔的风,低微的风,
吹自西方的海面上,
微微地吹来一阵阵,
吹自西方的海面上!
吹过海面上的波浪滚滚,
吹自将隐没的月色昏沉,
把他吹到我身旁,
趁我漂亮的小宝宝正熟睡。//
静静地睡,稳稳地睡,
爸就会来到你身边,
睡呀睡,在妈怀里睡,
爸就会来到你身边;
爸就来看窝里的小宝贝——
凭着西天里月儿的银辉
和张起的面面银帆:
睡吧睡,我漂亮的小宝贝。(黄杲炘
译)