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[转载]王兴刚草书曹操《气出唱》十二屏

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王兴刚草书曹操《气出唱》十二屏 
     王兴刚,毕业于首都师范大学美术学院,为中国雕塑家协会会员,国国陕西美术家协会会员。并在澳大利亚卧龙岗大学(创作艺术系)获硕士学位鲁讯美术学院(雕塑系)获学士学位。


驾六龙 乘风而行 行四海 路下之八邦 历登高

山临溪谷 乘云而行 行四海外 东到 


泰山 仙(人)玉女 下来翩游 骖驾六龙 


饮玉桨 奉持行 东到蓬莱山 上至天之门 



平阙下 引见得入 赤松相对 四面顾望 

视正焜煌 开玉心正兴 其气百道至 



传道无穷闭其口  但当爱气受万年 


东到海 与天连 神仙之道 出窈入冥 常 


当专之 心恰淡 无所惕 欲闭门坐自守 天与


期气 愿得神之人  乘驾云车 骖驾白鹿 


上到天之门 来赐神之药 跪受之 敬 



神斋 当如此 道自来
款:孟德 气出唱
岁次辛卯三月 顿省  兴刚



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[转载]赵彦春英译曹操《气出唱》(3)

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赵彦春英译曹操《气出唱》(3)

 

游君山,

甚为真。

崔嵬砟硌,

尔自为神。

乃到王母台,

金阶玉为堂,

芝草生殿旁。

东西厢,

客满堂。

主人当行觞,

长寿遽何央。

长乐甫始宜孙子。

常愿主人增年,

与天相守。

 

Exhalation (3) 

 

By Cao Cao

Tr. Zhao Yanchun

 

I travel to Mount You;

It is so great, it's true.

To your great height I plod;

You are deity, you are God.

Mother West's altar behold;

It's made of jade with steps gold,

Lucid Ganoderma grows around.

In the hall west or east,

Guests are having a feast.

There is the host proposing a toast.

The elder sitting there receiving cheer:

Wish you a happy life with many children aside

May your life increase year by year

And with the great nature abide


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[转载]四合院小知识

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      四合院是出现在明清时期,由东西南北四面房合围而成的建筑物,容积率在0.5,房屋和游廊连接而成叫四合院,占地面积不能小于450平米。小于450平米叫三合院或两合院,三合院在元代时期已产生。

      标准四合院其实就是我们常说的三进院,

它应具备门楼、倒座房、垂花门、游廊、东西厢房、正房、后罩房。四面有房围合而成的四合院为基本院,三进院是在这个基础上延伸而成的,在东西厢房的南墙用围墙和垂花门隔开,垂花门外为 一进院,垂花门内为二进院,在二进院的后面加一排后罩房称三进院。

      四合院的大体分为:大门 影壁 第一进院 倒座房大堂 。垂花门 第二进院 书屋 住宅等。

      四合院的大门分:广亮大门、金柱大门、蛮子大门、如意门、随墙门,西洋式门。

      广亮大门特点:门板开在脊柱上正中间,有四个门簪(门当),

圆形抱鼓石,

有雀替,

有倒挂楣子,

门上没有装饰,官宅

      金柱大门特点:门板开在脊柱1/4处(金柱上),四个门簪,

有四个门簪,圆形抱鼓石,有雀替,倒挂楣子,官宅

      蛮子大门特点:把门板推到前檐柱上,方形抱鼓石,门两侧有余塞板

民宅,南城居多。

      如意门特点:

门开在前檐柱上,门可大可小,在前檐柱内侧两边加两堵墙,不设抱框,两个门簪,门簪写有吉祥、如意等字样,方形抱鼓石,有象鼻肖,有精美的砖雕,如意门没有任何管制,可以加以任何装饰。是四合院最常用,雕刻最精美的门楼。

     随墙门特点:开在院子的侧面或是两堵墙的结合处开一个门,一般三合院居多。

     影壁:一推门一扇门指的就是影壁,

分独立式和靠山式,影壁按风水讲,阻挡外来的邪气和遮挡宅门外杂乱、呆板的墙面和景物,使人们进出院首先看到的是精美的雕刻,既私密又好看,以蝙蝠、寿字组成的图案寓意:福寿双全

    以花瓶内安插月季花的图案寓意:四季平安

    北房中间称为堂屋,堂屋是家人起居招待客人、祭祖的地方。

    北房东侧为尊由正室居住,西侧为卑由偏房居住,东西厢房则由晚辈居住。

    后罩房主要供未出阁的女子或女佣居住。

    四合院分布在胡同的两侧,胡同有东西走向和南北走向,一般东西走向的胡同居多,所以四合院多为正座和倒座,正座四合院大门开在东南角,倒座四合院大门开在西北角。

    内外宅之间叫垂花门,



垂花门是四合院最漂亮华丽的一道门,两边连着通往东西厢房到正房,是主人身份和地位的象征。垂花门檐口橼头橼子油成蓝色,望木油成红色,圆橼头油成蓝白黑相套如晕圆之宝,珠圆案、方橼头则是蓝底子金万字绞或菱花图案,前檐正面中心锦纹、花卉、博古等,两边倒垂的垂莲柱头根据雕花纹更是五彩缤纷。有关着的四扇屏门,平时不打开,只有在大的活动、红白喜事时才打开,过去小姐大门不出二门不迈即指此门。

    院内种树有讲究,将就谐音图个吉利,在院内不能种槐树,槐树上有一种虫叫吊死鬼,不能种桑(丧)树。可种柿子树(事事如意),枣树(早生贵子),核桃树(和和美美),玉兰(满院生香),山楂树(红红火火),石榴树(多子多孙),苹果树(平平安安)等。

   四合院是砖木结构,房架子檩、柱、梁、槛、橼以及门窗、隔扇等均为木制,屋瓦用青板瓦,正反相扣。

   四合院大门构件名称:门楼、门洞、门扇、门框、腰枋、余塞板、走马板、门枕、连槛、门槛、门簪、大边、抹头、穿带、门芯板、门钹、插关、兽面、门钉、门联等组成.............。

  


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李密[西晋]《陈情表》(1)(罗经国 英译)

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臣密言:臣以险衅[1],夙遭闵凶[2]。生孩六月,慈父见背[3];行年四岁,舅夺母志[4]。祖母刘愍臣孤弱,躬亲抚养。臣少多疾病,九岁不行,零丁孤苦,至于成立[5]。既无叔伯,终鲜兄弟,门衰祚薄[6],晚有儿息[7]。外无期功强近之亲[8],内无应门五尺之僮[9],茕茕孑立[10],形影相吊[11]。而刘夙婴疾病[12],常在床蓐[13],臣侍汤药,未曾废离[14]。

 

A Letter to His Majesty


Li Mi


Your humble servant Mi begs to say:
Born with ill fortune, I live a miserable and disastrous life in my early childhood. My father died when I was six months old and my mother was forced by her brother to remarry when I was four years old. Feeling deep sympathy for my loneliness and poor health, Grandmother Liu brought me up on her own. Being susceptible to illness in my childhood, I could hardly walk even at the age of nine. Having neither uncles nor cousins, I grew up helpless and forlorn without any intimate companions. Destined not to have the joy of a big family, I only got a male descendent late in life. I have neither close relatives who will wear mourning for me when I die, nor a boy servant to attend to the household affairs. Oh! How wretched and lonely I am, with only body and shadow comforting each other. Grandmother Liu has been bedridden for a long time, and I have to wait upon her without negligence.


【注释】

1]险衅(xìn信):灾难祸患。指命运坎坷。

2]夙:早。这里指幼年时。闵凶:忧患。

3]背:背弃。指死亡。

4]舅夺母志:指由于舅父的意志侵夺了李密母亲守节的志向。

5]成立:长大成人。

6]祚(zuò作):福泽。

7]儿息:儿子。

8]期功强近之亲:指比较亲近的亲戚。古代丧礼制度以亲属关系的亲疏规定服丧时间的长短,服丧一年称,九月称大功,五月称小功

9]应门五尺之僮:指照管客来开门等事的小童。

10]茕(qióng穷)茕孑(jié结)立:生活孤单无靠。

11]吊:安慰。

12]婴:纠缠。

13]蓐(rù入):通,褥子。

14]废离:废养而远离。


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李密[西晋]《陈情表》(2)(罗经国 英译)

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奉圣朝,沐浴清化[15]。前太守臣逵[16],察臣孝廉[17];后刺史臣荣[18],举臣秀才[19]。臣以供养无主,辞不赴命。诏书特下,拜臣郎中[20],寻蒙国恩[21],除臣洗马[22]。猥以微贱[23],当侍东宫[24],非臣陨首所能上报[25]。臣具以表闻,辞不就职。诏书切峻[26],责臣逋慢[27];郡县逼迫,催臣上道;州司临门[28],急于星火。臣欲奉诏奔驰,则刘病日笃[29],欲苟顺私情[30],则告诉不许。臣之进退,实为狼狈。

 

Immersed in the enlightenment of Your Majesty's just and wise rule, I was first recommended as xiaolian (1) by Prefect Kui, and then as xiucai (2) by Cish Rong of the District (3). I declined both offers on the ground that I had to look after my grandmother. Then your imperial edict came, offering me the position of langzhong (4), and later further granting me the imperial favor that I, your humble servant, was appointed xianma (5) to serve His Highness. Even if I should have my head cut off, I could hardly express my gratitude for Your Majesty's great favor. I have written to Your Majesty a letter declining this offer. Another edict came, which, in severe terms, criticized me for my hesitation. Both the magistrates of the prefecture and the county urged me to set off immediately. Then the governor of the District came to my house, commanding me to start without delay. I should have done so but my grandmother's failing health detained me. I appealed to them, begging for their sympathy, but they were adamant. I am in a dilemma, knowing not what to do.

 

(1)Xiaolian was an official position, recommended by the local government for one's filial piety and moral records.

(2)Xiucai, an official position, was recommended by local governments.

(3)Cishi was an official in the administrative district, who was in charge of military and administrative affairs. Here the "District" refers to the administrative district.

(4)Langzhong was an official waiting on the emperor and was in charge of administrative work.

(5)Xianma was an attendant who served the Prince.

 

【注释】

 

15]清化:清明的政治教化。

16]太守:郡的地方长官。

17]察:考察。这里是推举的意思。孝廉:当时推举人才的一种科目,指孝顺父母,指品行廉洁。

18]刺史:州的地方长官。

19]秀才:当时地方推举优秀人才的一种科目,由州推举,与后来经过考试的秀才不同。

20]拜:授官。郎中:官名。晋时各部有郎中。

21]寻:不久。

22]除:任命官职。洗马:官名。太子的属官,在宫中服役,掌管图书。[23]猥:辱。自谦之词。

24]东宫:太子居住的地方。这里指太子。

25]陨(yǔn允)首:丧命。

26]切峻:急切严厉。

27]逋慢:回避怠慢。

28]州司:州官。

29]日笃:日益沉重。

30]苟顺:姑且迁就。


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李密[西晋]《陈情表》(3)(罗经国 英译)

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伏惟圣朝以孝治天下[31],凡在故老[32],犹蒙矜育[33],况臣孤苦,特为尤甚。且臣少仕伪朝[34],历职郎署[35],本图宦达,不矜名节[36]。今臣亡国贱俘,至微至陋,过蒙拔擢,宠命优渥[37],岂敢盘桓,有所希冀!但以刘日薄西山,气息奄奄,人命危浅,朝不虑夕。臣无祖母,无以至今日,祖母无臣,无以终余年,祖孙二人,更相为命,是以区区不能废远[38]。臣密今年四十有四,祖母刘今年九十有六,是臣尽节于陛下之日长[39],报刘之日短也。乌鸟私情[40],愿乞终养。

 

Now Your Majesty is ruling the country on the principle of filial piety. Old people of high virtue are being taken care of and well provided for. It is apparent that I am more distressed than others. Besides, out of vainglory to secure a high position in the government regardless of my personal integrity, I served in the last dynasty during my youth as shangshulang (6), and now, I, a captive, a slave, am getting undeserved favor from Your Majesty. How dare I hesitate and cherish any aspirations? But my grandmother is at her last breath, and she is like the setting sun beyond the western hills. Her life is at stake and she may die at any moment. But for her, I would not have become what I am today. But for me, she would have been long dead. It is because the two of us depend upon each other that I, your humble servant, cannot leave home at present. I am forty-four years of age and my grandmother is ninety-six. Ahead lie many years during which I may faithfully serve Your Majesty, but there remain only a few brief moments during which I can serve my grandmother. Given that even the crow looks after its elderly, I pray Your Majesty will allow me to stay with my grandparent until her last breath.

 

(6)Shangshulang was an official chosen from xiaolian to help the emperor in administrative work.

 

【注释】

31]伏惟:旧时奏疏、书信中下级对上级常用的敬语。

32]故老:遗老。

33]矜育:怜惜抚育。

34]伪朝:指蜀汉。

35]历职郎署:指曾在蜀汉官署中担任过郎官职务。

36]矜:矜持爱惜。

37]宠命:恩命。指拜郎中、洗马等官职。优渥(wò握):优厚。

38]区区:形容感情恳切。

39]陛下:对帝王的尊称。

40]乌鸟私情:相传乌鸦能反哺,所以常用来比喻子女对父母的孝养之情。


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李密[西晋]《陈情表》(4)(罗经国 英译)

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臣之辛苦,非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知[41],皇天后土[42],实所共鉴,愿陛下矜愍愚诚[43],听臣微志[44],庶刘侥幸,保卒余年。臣生当陨首,死当结草[45]。臣不胜犬马怖惧之情[46],谨拜表以闻。

 

——选自《文选》六臣注本

 

Not only do the people of Shu, but also the officials of Liang and Ye know my situation well. Heaven and Earth, too, bear witness to my misery. I sincerely hope Your Majesty may show mercy on me so that I can fulfill my lifelong wish to serve my grandmother till she has lived her full span. I will do anything for Your Majesty for the rest of my life and will repay your kindness by twisting grass (7) for Your Majesty after my death. I am trembling all over as I present to Your Majesty this petition.

 

(7)Wei Ou, a prince of the Jin Dynasty, during the Spring and Autumn Period was saved by the ghost of an old man whose daughter he had saved. The ghost plucked a handful of grass and twisted it into a rope by which the opponent Wei Ou was fighting with during a battle was pulled down from his horse and was killed. 

 

【注释】

41]二州:指益州和梁州。益州治所在今四川省成都市,梁州治所在今陕西省勉县东,二州区域大致相当于蜀汉所统辖的范围。牧伯:刺史。上古一州的长官称牧,又称方伯,所以后代以牧伯称刺史。

42]皇天后土:犹言天地神明。

43]愚诚:愚拙的至诚之心。

44]听:听许,同意。

45]结草:据《左传·宣公十五年》记载,晋国大夫魏武子临死的时候,嘱咐他的儿子魏颗,把他的遗妾杀死以后殉葬。魏颗没有照他父亲说的话做。后来魏颗跟秦国的杜回作战,看见一个老人把草打了结把杜回绊倒,杜回因此被擒。到了晚上,魏颗梦见结草的老人,他自称是没有被杀死的魏武子遗妾的父亲。后来就把结草用来作为报答恩人心愿的表示。

46]犬马:作者自比,表示歉卑。


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秦大川英译:桑恒昌《一株老树》

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秦大川英译:桑恒昌《一株老树》

被岁月还是被雷电
生生地劈开
血泪熬干
只见裂开的胸膛

像裹尸而还的马革
半张树皮
裹着
一具木乃伊
依然立在
日光下月光下星光下

皮之存生命存
既是树的脸
又是
树的心



 
An Old Tree

By Sang Hengchang
Tr. Qin Dachuan

Split right apart
By thunder or Time,
Here remains just a ripped chest,
Blood and tears dried.

Like horsehide,
This half sheet of bark,
Having wrapped up 
A soldier from the battle, mummified,
Stands fast
In the sun,
  under the moonlight,
    Beneath starry sky.

Life goes on where the bark stays.
It is the soul of the tree
As well as the face.

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贾谊《过秦论》(节选1)(Burton Watson英译)

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秦孝公据殽函之固(1),拥雍州之地(2),君臣固守,而窥周室(3);有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意,并吞八荒之心(4)。当是时,商君佐之(5),内立法度,务耕织,修守战之备;外连衡而斗诸侯(6)。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外(7)。

 

Duke Xiao of Qin, relying upon the strength of Mt. Yao andthe Hangu Pass and basing himself in the area of Yongzhou, with his ministersheld fast to his land and eyed the house of Zhou, for he cherished a desire toroll up the empire like a mat, to bind into one the whole world, to bag all theland within the four seas; he had it in his heart to swallow up everything inthe eight directions. At this time he was aided by Lord Shang, who at home setup laws for him, encouraged agriculture and weaving, and built up theinstruments of war, and abroad contracted military alliances and attacked theother feudal lords. Thus the men of Qin were able with ease to acquireterritory east of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

 

【注释】

1)秦孝公:名渠梁,公元前361338年在位。他支持变法,使秦国开始走上了国富兵强的道路。殽(yáo摇)函:殽山和函谷关。殽山在今河南洛宁县北,函谷关在今河南灵宝县,东至殽山,西至潼津。

2)雍州:古九州之一,其地域约相当于今陕西中部和北部、甘肃全部和青海部分地区。

3)周室:指衰弱的东周王朝。

4)八荒:即八方。古人把东南西北称作四方,把东南、东北、西南、西北称作四隅,合称八方。此泛指荒远的地方。

5)商君:即商鞅,原是卫国的庶公子,称卫鞅,好刑名之学。入秦后佐秦孝公主持变法,以功封于商(今陕西商县),号曰商君。

6)连衡:即连横。古人以东西为横,以南北为纵。地处西方的秦和处于东方的齐、楚等国联合起来以攻打别国,叫连横;东方各国北自燕,南至楚联合起来抗秦,叫合纵。

7)拱手:两手合抱,喻很轻松的样子。西河之外:指魏国在黄河以西的地区。秦孝公二十二年(前340),秦国派商鞅讨伐魏国,大破魏军,并俘虏了公子卬。魏国割河西之地给秦国。


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贾谊《过秦论》(节选2)(Burton Watson英译)

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及至秦王(26),续六世之余烈(27),振长策而御宇内,吞二周而亡诸侯(28),履至尊而制六合(29),执棰拊以鞭笞天下(30),威震四海。南取百越之地(31),以为桂林、象郡(32)。百越之君,俛首系颈(33),委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城(34),而守藩篱(35),却匈奴七百余里。胡人不敢南下而牧马,士不敢弯弓而报怨。

 

After this came the First Emperor who, carrying on theglorious spirit of his six predecessors, cracked his long whip and drove theuniverse before him, swallowed up the eastern and western Zhou, and overthrewthe feudal lords. He ascended the throne of honour and ruled the sixdirections, scourging the world with his lash, and his might shook the fourseas. In the south he seized the land of the hundred tribes of Yue and made ofit Guilin and Xiang provinces, and the lords of the hundred Yue bowed theirheads, hung halters from their necks, and pleaded for their lives with thelowest officials of Qin. Then he sent Meng Tian north to build the Great Walland defend the borders, driving back the Xiongnu over 700 li, so that the barbariansno longer ventured to come south to pasture their horses and their men darednot take up their bows to vent their hatred.

 

【注释】

26)秦王:指秦始皇嬴政。《文选》作始皇

27)六世:指秦孝公以下六王。

28)二周:东周末年赧王时,东西周分治,西周都王城,东周都巩。秦昭襄王五十一年灭西周,庄襄王元年灭东周。

29)六合:天、地和四方。

30)棰:杖。拊(fǔ府):大棒。

31)百越:古代越族散居在今浙江、福建、广东、广西一带,因其种类繁多,故称百越。

32)桂林、象郡:桂林郡地处今广西北部及东部地区,象郡地处今广西南部地区,两郡均为秦始皇新置。

33)俛:同。系颈:以带系颈,表示投降。

34)蒙恬:秦名将。秦统一六国后,蒙恬率兵三十万击退匈奴,并主持修筑长城。后为秦二世所逼,自杀。

35)藩篱:篱笆,这里引伸为边疆。


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贾谊《过秦论》(节选3)(Burton Watson英译)

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于是废先王之道,焚百家之言(36),以愚黔首(37)。堕名城(38),杀豪俊,收天下之兵聚之咸阳,销锋铸鐻(39),以为金人十二,以弱黔首之民。然后斩华为城(40),因河为津(41),据亿丈之城,临不测之溪以为固。良将劲弩,守要害之处,信臣精卒,陈利兵而谁何(42)!天下已定,秦王之心,自以为关中之固,金城千里,子孙帝王万世之业也。
 

Thereupon he discarded the ways of the former kings and,burned the books of the hundred schools of philosophy in order to make theblack-headed people ignorant. He destroyed the walls of the great cities, putto death the powerful leaders, and collected all the arms of the empire, whichhe had brought to his capital at Xianyang, where the spears and arrowheads weremelted down and cast to make twelve human statues. All this he did in order toweaken the black-headed people. After this he ascended and fortified Mt. Hua,set up fords along the Yellow River, and strengthened the heights andprecipices overlooking the fathomless valleys, in order to secure his position.He garrisoned the strategic points with skilled generals and strong crossbowmenand stationed trusted ministers and well-trained soldiers to guard the landwith arms and question all who passed back and forth. When he had thus pacifiedthe empire, the First Emperor believed in his heart that, with the strength ofhis capital within the passes and his walls of metal extending 1,000 miles, hehad established a rule that would be enjoyed by his sons and grandsons for10,000 generations.

 

【注释】

36)废先王之道,焚百家之言:秦始皇三十四年(前213),博士淳于越反对郡县制,实行分封制。丞相李斯竭力驳斥。秦始皇遂下令焚烧《秦记》以外的各国史记和《诗》、《书》。次年又将四百六十多名方士和儒生坑死在咸阳。史称焚书坑儒

37)黔首:百姓。黔,黑色。

38)堕(huī灰):毁坏。

39)锋:兵器。鐻(jù巨):钟鼓的架子。据《秦始皇本纪》载,秦始皇二十六年,收天下兵,聚之咸阳,铸以为钟鐻,金人十二,重各千石(二十四万斤)。

40)斩华为城:斩一作,是。践华为城,即据守华山以为帝都的东城。

41)因河为津:以黄河作为帝都咸阳的护城河。

42)谁何:关塞上的卫兵盘问来往行人。何,呵问。


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贾谊《过秦论》(节选4)(Burton Watson英译)

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秦王既没,余威震于殊俗(43)。然而陈涉(44),甕牖绳枢之子(45),甿隶之人(46),而迁徙之徙(47),才能不及中人,非有仲尼、墨翟之贤(48),陶朱、猗顿之富(49);蹑足行伍之间(50),而崛起什伯之中(51),率罢散之卒(52),将数百之众,而转攻秦。斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从(53),山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。

 

For a while after the death of the First Emperor the memoryof his might continued to awe the common people. Yet Chen She, born in a humblehut with tiny windows and a wattle door, a day labourer in the fields and agarrison conscript, whose abilities could not match even the average, who hadneither the worth of Confucius and Mo Di nor the wealth of Tao Zhu or Yi Dun,stepped from the ranks of the common soldiers, rose up from the paths of thefields, and led a band of some hundred poor, weary soldiers in revolt againstQin. They cut down trees to make their weapons and raised their flags on gardenpoles, and the whole world gathered like a cloud, answered like an echo to asound, brought them provisions, and followed after them as shadows follow a form.In the end the leaders east of the mountains rose up together and destroyed thehouse of Qin.

 

【注释】

43)殊俗:风俗异于汉族的地区。

44)陈涉:秦末农民起义的领袖。

45)甕(wēng翁)陶制器皿。牖(yǒu有):窗。甕牖即用破甕砌成的窗。绳枢:用绳子系住门板。枢,门上的轴。

46)甿:古字。隶:低贱的人。

47)迁徙之徒:谪罚去边地戍守的士卒。

48)仲尼:孔子名丘,字仲尼。墨翟(dí敌):墨子名翟。

49)陶朱:范蠡辅佐越王勾践灭吴后,弃官出走,在陶(今山东曹县)经商,号陶朱公。猗(yī衣)顿:鲁人,靠经营盐业致富。

50)行(háng杭)伍:都是军队下层组织的名称。

51)什伯:军队中的下级军官。

52)罢:同

53)赢:担负。景:同


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贾谊《过秦论》(节选5)(Burton Watson英译)

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且夫天下非小弱也。雍州之地,殽函之固,自若也。陈涉之位,非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、宋、卫、中山之君;鉏櫌棘矜(54),非铣于句戟长铩也(55);適戍之众(56),非抗于九国之师(57);深谋远虑,行军用兵之道,非及乡时之士也(58)。然而成败异变,功业相反也。试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大(59),比权量力,则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地,千乘之权(60),招八州而朝同列(61),百有余年矣。然后以六合为家,殽、函为宫。一夫作难而七庙堕(62),身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施,而攻守之势异也。

 

-- 选自百衲本《史记·秦始皇本纪》

 

The empire of Qin at this time was by no means small orfeeble. Its base in Yongzhou, its stronghold within Mt. Yao and the Pass, werethe same as before. The position of Chen She could not compare in dignity withthe lords of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Song, Wey, and Zhongshan. The weaponswhich he improvised from hoe handles and tree branches could not match thesharpness of spears and battle pikes; his little band of garrison conscriptswas nothing beside the armies of the Nine States. In deep plotting andfar-reaching stratagems, in methods of warfare, he was far inferior to the menof earlier times. And yet Chen She succeeded in his undertaking where they hadfailed, though in ability, size, power, and strength his forces could in no waycompare to those of the states east of the mountains that had formerly opposedQin. Qin, beginning with an insignificant amount of territory, reached thepower of a great kingdom and for 100 years made the ancient eight provinces payhomage at its court. Yet, after it had become master of the six directions andestablished its palaces within the passes, a single commoner opposed it and itsseven ancestral temples toppled, its ruler died by the hands of men, and itbecame the laughing stock of the world. Why? Because it failed to rule withhumanity and righteousness, and did not realize that the power to attack, and the power to retain what one has thereby won, are not the same.

 

【注释】

54)鉏:同。櫌(yōu优):古农具,形似榔头,平整土地用。棘矜棘木做的矛柄。

55)铣(xiān先):锋利。句戟:即鉤戟。铩(shā杀)长矛类兵器。

56)適戍:被谪征发戍守边地。適,同

57)抗:同,高出,超过。

58)乡:通

59)度长絜(xié协)大:比量长短大小。絜,度量物体的粗细。

60)千乘之权:拥有千辆战车的国家,即中等实力之国。

61)八州:九州中除雍州以外的八州。

62)七庙:古代天子设七庙供奉七代祖先。


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秦大川英译:毛泽东《七绝 贾谊》

邵雍《昔日所云我》


[转载]刑法学、行政法学法律词汇

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Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws

帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence

绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children

包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate

包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals

报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups

必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime

并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments

剥夺权利deprival of rights

不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense

参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities

超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction

超越职权范围 overstep one’s authority

惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency

惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many

惩罚措施 punitive measure

惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction

惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education

处以刑罚 inflict punishment

处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment

触犯法律 break the law; violate the law

抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution

抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act

出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export

出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency

出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law

出于恶意 from malevolence

从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment

从重处罚 give a severer punishment

单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit

单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime

盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees

盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives

盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist

渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty

对象不能犯 object impossibility

多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes

罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime

犯意 criminal intent; mens real

犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders

犯罪动机 criminal motive

犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime

犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime

犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea

犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal group

犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime

犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime

犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act

犯罪学 criminology

犯罪预防 crime prevention

犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime

犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime

犯罪主体 subject of crime

犯罪着手 initiate a crime

犯罪组织 criminal organization

贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of drug trafficking

防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense

防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; provocation of defense

防卫限度 limit of defense

防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents

妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service

妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing public security

放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a right

非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition

非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs

非法干涉 illegal intervention

非法干预 unlawful interference

非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT

非法活动 unlawful activities

非法利益 unlawful interests

非法手段 illegal means

非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action

非正式的 informal; irregular

非政府机关 non-governmental organization

非主要条件 non-essential stipulation

非专业的 non-professional

诽谤罪 crime of defamation

隔地犯 offense of segregation by location

隔时犯 offense of segregation by time

工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments

故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentional crime

故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide

故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury

管辖:jurisdiction

惯犯 habitual criminal

惯例 custom and usage

过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime

国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation

国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation

国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation

国家赔偿法 state compensation law

国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation

国家权力机关 state authority

国际审判机关 state judicial organs

国家行政机关 state administrative organs

国家意志 state’s will

国家职能 function of the state

国民待遇 national treatment

黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang

缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve

缓刑 probate cessat executio

集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense

既遂犯 accomplished crime

继承法 inheritance law

继续犯 continuous crime

加重处罚 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed

假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another

假释 parole

假想防卫 imaginative defense

假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes

简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime

间接故意 indirect intent; indirect iintentino

教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation

劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile

劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking

结果犯 consequential offen

结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense

结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se

拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court

具结悔过 make a statement of repentence

具体行政行为 specific administrative act

具体罪名concrete accusation

绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment

军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers violating military dutie

抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes

客体不能犯 object impossibility

空白罪状 blank facts about a crime

滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudation

累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense

连续犯罪 continuing crime

量刑 criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion

量刑不当 criterion for sentence

量刑幅度 extent for discretionary action of sentencing

虐待罪 crime of abusing member of one’s family

挪用公款案 case of misappropriation of public funds

偶犯 casual offender; casual offense

情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circumstances

情节特别严重 when the circumstances are particularly wicked

情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime

取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving

扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbing order at public places

刑法 criminal law

刑罚 penalty; punishment

刑事责任能力 criminal capacity

行政法 administrative law; executive law

行政法规 administrative laws and regulations

行政法学 administrative jurisprudence

行政解释 administrative interpretation

行政救济 administrative remedy

预防犯罪 anti-crime

治安管理 security administration

治安条例 security regulations


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[转载]民事判决书常用词汇

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原文地址:民事判决书常用词汇作者:pang

1    管辖:jurisdiction

2    回避:withdrawal

3    当事人:parties

4    诉讼代理人:agents ad litem

5    证据:evidence

6    书证、物证:documentary evidence, material evidence

7    视听资料:audio-visual material

8    证人证言:testimony of witnesses

9    当事人陈述:statements of the parties

10   鉴定结论:expert conclusions

11   勘验笔录:records of inpsection

12   期间:time periods

13   送达:service

14   调解:conciliation

15   财产保全;property preservation

16   先予执行:advance execution

17   强制措施:compulsory measures

18   诉讼费用:litigation costs

19   执行措施:execution measures

20   执行中止和终结:suspension and termination of execution

21   案由:cause of action

22   诉讼请求:the claims

23   争议的事实和理由:cause or causes of the dispute

24   审判人员:judicial officers

25   书记员:court clerk

26   立案:docket a case

27   组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial

28   上诉期间:the time limit for filing an appeal

29   上诉的法院:the appellate court

30   判决、裁定:judgments and written orders

31   不服一审判决:refuse to accept the first-instance judgment

32   发生法律效力的:legally effective

33   起诉状:a statement of complaint

34   上诉状:the appeal petition

35   答辩状:the defence

36   裁定撤销原判决:make a written order to set aside the judgment

37   发回原审人民法院重审;remand the case t the original people’s court for retrial


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孙大雨《哈姆雷特》译序

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    《哈姆雷特》这部莎士比亚最闻名的杰作,也是他四大悲剧诗中最早、最繁复而且最长的一部,大约在一六○○年到一六一年他写作了初稿。一六三年在伦敦出版了它的第一版四开盗印本,文字与内容粗疏而且缺漏很多;第二年,一六四年,二版四开本问世,文笔与旨意大有改进,剧辞行数增加了几乎一倍:前者仅两千一百四十三行,后者约有三千七百十九行。但即令这个比较完整的版本也并非莎氏自己所监印的。有一个说法认为那个早先的较差的本子可能根据一家书铺雇了速记手,趁剧本在戏院里演出时偷记下来的笔录本排印的。莎氏作为戏剧班子里的成员,当时不会把他的演出底本印刷成书出售,因为那样做被认为会妨害戏院的营业,有损于他的剧团和他自己的权益。莎剧学者们比较和研究的结果,认为一六四年所印的二版四开本的文字,非但数量上大大增加,而且内容含义上也精采优越得多,有一些段落提高到一个超凡卓绝的境界,远非初版四开本可比。这就显示出它的印刷底稿多半是莎氏的修改增订本,却不知怎样会被偷窃抄录了去付印,当然决不是剧本在戏院里上演时所速记下来的剧辞。所以比较可靠的版本是莎氏逝世后,他剧团里的两个同伴与好友海明琪(John Hemminge1630年卒)和康代尔(Henry Condell1627年卒)两人在一六二三年为他出版的对开本全集(少掉《Pericles》一剧)里的版本。但这个版本也有缺漏删节,并非全璧,所以要依靠这三百多年来莎剧学者们的校阅比较,研究考订二版四开本和初版对开本,作出较完整的厘定。另外,还在一六三年莎剧《哈姆雷特》盗印本出版之前,已有一个同样题材的剧本,为比莎氏年长约七岁的知名剧作家凯特(Thomas Kyd1557—1595)所作,已经出版,但此书早已遗佚,无可稽考。


    哈姆雷特这传奇故事的最早来源是十二三世纪时丹麦史家与诗人萨克梭·葛拉曼镝格斯(Saxo Grammaticus1150—1206)以拉丁文所写的《丹麦史传宝藏》(Cesta Danorum),但这个原始文献所提供的只是个故事轮廓,跟莎氏悲剧诗《哈姆雷特》的精粹所在和剧中人物鲜明赫奕的性格不相侔。约在十六世纪中叶,有一位法国作家茀朗西斯··裴尔福莱斯忒(Francis de Belleforest)在他的《悲剧史传》(Histories Trag-iques1570)一书里介绍过一位阿模莱斯(Amleth)王子。随后有位年轻的英国作家配忒(William Painter15407—1594)出版他的《欢乐之宫》(The Palace of Pleasure1566)一书,收罗了从希腊文、拉丁文、意大利文和法文间接或直接翻译成英文的好些个故事,大多数是从裴尔福莱斯忒书中得来。而莎士比亚则在阿模莱斯这故事的粗疏轮廓上创建了一个个剧中人物鲜明强烈的性格,并使这些人物言语行动起来,合奏成以哈姆雷特为中心的这部奇妙卓越的悲剧诗。


    剧诗中第一幕第五景从二十五行开始到九十一行,哈姆雷特的父王亡魂对他单独一人透露,自己被他的兄弟,即当今的君王克劳迪欧斯,趁他在御花园里午睡时,用一小管紫杉汁毒液注入耳中所杀害(见一幕五景六十二行),却散播谣言,说他的兄长被毒蛇所刺螫而暴死,并将他的嫂子诱骗成奸,匆促成婚,充当他杀兄篡位后的王后那亡灵召唤他报仇雪恨,以廓清整个朝廷的罪恶污辱。有两位极著名的近代莎剧学者勃阑特莱(Andrew Cecil Bradley, 1851-1935)和威尔逊(JohnDover Wilson1881-1969)认为王后葛忒露于先王在世时,就已经跟王弟克劳迪欧斯通了奸〔见威尔逊著《<哈姆雷特>剧中发生了什么事》(Miat Happens in“Hamlet”292-294页,剑桥大学出版社,1935〕。这一见解我认为与莎剧的实际情况不符,虽然据威尔逊说,裴尔福莱斯忒书中是这样叙述的。我认为莎士比亚并不完全依据裴尔福莱斯忒。本剧第一幕第五景八十五到八十八行鬼魂对哈姆雷特说得很清楚:
……


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[转载]爱德华三世——莎士比亚

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1. 一场自愿接受的灾祸要比被迫受辱少受人嘲笑。

2. 最虚伪的东西原来是最真实的。

3.我不是为了害怕,可我还是的逃走。

4.我不想走的更近,我梦见了叛逆,我害怕。

5. 别让你的风采像四月的太阳,奉承一下我们的地球又突然落山了。别让我们的外墙更幸运,希望你也能是我们的内屋增光。我们的房屋像一个乡村的情人,她的服装粗拙,态度直率而平凡,并未预示什么贵重价值,但他内心由于丰富的慷慨和潜藏的豪华而变得美丽,须知在埋有金矿的地方,土地不为自然的花毯所覆盖,也会显得贫瘠,枯槁,不肥美,不富饶而又干巴巴:而在土地表层草皮夸耀美观,芬芳和五颜六色的财富之处,在那里挖掘下去,就会发现这样的结果,原来他们的豪华不过是从人类粪便与腐败之中生长出来的,粗糙的城墙根本不能证明里面的一切,他们不过是一件斗篷掩藏着内秀的豪华,免遭风吹雨打。

6.当智慧作为美的卫士守任大门之际,什么可笑的疑虑值得倾听哪?

7.你必须找出一个比“美丽”更好的开头,为漂亮创造出一个比漂亮更漂亮的字眼,而你所要颂扬的每一种风致都得达到颂扬所能达到的最高点;只要你不怕被说成谄媚,那么如果你的倾慕是十倍于颂词本身的价值,你所需要颂扬得对像的价值将则超出一万个十倍。

8.如果迷上我的美貌,你能拿就拿吧!虽然算不了什么,我更十倍地轻视它;如果迷上了我的美德,你能拿就拿去吧!因为美德越给越大;随便你迷上什么,我都能给,你都能拿去,但你要能继承它们。

9.虚有其表总归会褪色,令人作呕的缺点总归会暴露。所以,追求稳健吧!

10.去死对于一切人像活着一样普通:我们选择一个,同时追逐另一个,因为从我们开始生活的瞬间起,我们就在追逐死亡的时刻:我们先发芽,后开花,然后结子:然后我们立刻凋落,正如影子随身躯,我们跟随着死亡。那么,如果我们追逐死亡,我们为什么惧怕它哪?如果我们惧怕它,我们为什么要跟随它哪?如果我们真正的惧怕,我们又怎能躲开它哪?如果我们真正的惧怕,我们不过是用惧怕帮助我们所惧怕的东西更快的抓住我们,如果我们不怕,那么任何坚决的努力都不能推翻我们的命运的限制:因为无论是成熟还是腐烂,我们都会落下来,如果我们抽中了毁灭的彩票。

11.我不愿花一便士买一个生命,也不愿花半便士来躲避可怕的死亡,既然生存不过是寻求死亡,而死去不过是新生命的开端,上帝愿意是什么时刻,就让什么时刻来临吧,是生是死我毫不在乎!

12.一片突如其来的黑暗蒙蔽了天空,风吓得躲进了洞穴,叶子动也不动,世界哑静下来,鸟儿也不再歌唱,漫游的溪流不再像平时那样向堤岸潺潺致意;沉默在倾听某种奇迹,预料上苍会说出某些语言。

13.你一漫不经心的微笑追求死亡,那么高兴地望着你的坟墓,仿佛你醉心于你的末日,那么请说明白,是什么刀剑掠夺了你的脸,从我忠实的灵魂砍掉一个真正的朋友?


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[转载]还在用LOL?说明你老了!

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Do you laugh in hahas, hehes, emojis or ROTFLFMAOs? Facebook thinks it has the answer, based on your age, gender and the place you live.
表达“笑”,你会用“哈哈”、“呵呵”、emoji表情还是“笑到满地打滚”?脸书认为,根据你的年龄、性别和居住地就能得出答案。

 

还在用LOL?说明你老了!

 

In a study published Thursday, Facebook said it had combed through posts and comments during the last week of May 2015 and found that 15 percent of people included laughter at least once in their posts and comments that week. It also analyzed the types of laughter used by people across demographics and noticed some big differences among the laughter-associated words people prefer. One of the big takeaways here: The lol is sooooooo over.
当地时间8月6日,脸书公布了一项研究称,通过整理2015年5月最后一周的发帖和评论,脸书发现15%的人在那一周的发帖和评论中至少“笑”了一次。脸书还根据人口特征分析了人们表达“笑”的方式,并注意到人们表达“笑”的喜好存在很大的差别。其中一条重要评论是“lol简直太太太太太太过时了”。

Each laughter word stem includes a wide range of laughter types, the study noted. Hahas, for example, include "the polite haha to a deranged hahahahahahaha."
研究发现,“笑”的同一种表达方式,也会有不一样的内涵。比如,“哈哈”系列,“哈哈”表示礼貌的笑笑,而“哈哈哈哈哈哈哈”表示神经质的癫笑。

Hahas are the most popular type of laughter, while lol is the least.
“哈哈”系列是最受欢迎的“笑”,而lol则垫底。

 

还在用LOL?说明你老了!

 

More than 50 percent of laughers use hahas, followed by emojis (33.7 percent), hehes (13.1 percent) and lols (1.9 percent). Moreover, 52 percent of people use strictly one laughter type, while about 20 percent use two different types.
过半用户表达“笑”时会使用“哈哈”系列,其次是emoji表情符号(33.7%),“呵呵”系列(13.1%),以及lol(1.9%)。此外,52%的人只使用其中一种表达方式,约20%的用户使用两种表达方式。

Laughers on the West Coast tend more toward hahas and hehes, while those on the East Coast tend to use emojis. Facebook created heat maps for the types of laughter by state. The darker the color is on the map below, the more the laughter word stem is used.
美国西海岸的人更倾向于使用“哈哈”、“呵呵”系列来表达“笑”,东海岸的人则更喜欢使用emoji表情符号。脸书根据州分布制作了一份关于“笑”的表达方式的热度图,地图上颜色越深,代表该州使用这种表达方式的人越多。

 

还在用LOL?说明你老了!

 

Laughter varies by city, too: "People in Chicago and New York prefer emojis, while Seattle and San Francisco prefer hahas," the study noted.
研究发现,不同城市情况也不同:“芝加哥人和纽约人喜欢emoji表情符号,西雅图人和旧金山人更喜欢‘哈哈’系列。”

Whatever way you choose to communicate your laughter, keep doing it: A recent study published in the scientific journal Human Nature found that laughter makes people feel more comfortable and more likely to open up in conversation.
不管你选择哪种方式来表达笑,继续保持吧!最近发表在科学期刊《人性》上的一项研究发现,笑使得人们感觉更加舒服,更愿意敞开心扉与人交流。


英文来源:赫芬顿邮报
译者:实习生冯佳佳
审校&编辑:许晶晶

From http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-08/11/content_21565784.htm


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