法商句段：拟受让...

September 12, 2015, 6:14 am

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       鉴于丙方拟受让甲方在××公司的全部股权，现合同各方经友好协商，本着平等互利的原则，应上述股权转让事宜达成如下条款：
 

  Whereas Party C intends to buy the whole shares of ××× held by Party A, adhering to the principals of equality and mutual benefit, the parties have reached the following agreement (the "Agreement")after friendly consultations regarding the share transfer matters:

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

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秦大川英译：陆游(宋)《渔父》

September 12, 2015, 7:52 pm

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秦大川英译：陆游(宋)《渔父》

石帆山下雨空濛，

三扇香新翠箬篷。

苹叶绿，

蓼花红，

回首功名一梦中。

A Fisherman’s Song

By Lu You

Tr. Qin Dachuan

At th'  foot of Mt. Shifan, a light rain spreads like haze; 

Sweet air blows into th'  bamboo-roofed boat where I stay.

Green clovers stir,

Red smartweeds sway... 

Honor and rank was but the dream of yesterday.

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

[转载]“四大自由”是中国一致崇奉的

September 13, 2015, 1:50 am

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原文地址：“四大自由”是中国一致崇奉的作者：刘植荣

纪念世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年

罗斯福二战期间国会演讲：四大自由

美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福1941年1月6日在国会演讲，要求国会拨款，为二战中抗击法西斯侵略的国家提供武器、物质供应，以捍卫“四大自由”，即言论自由，宗教信仰自由，享受社保的自由，不受威胁的自由。

1943年7月31日，中国共产党的《新华日报》社论高度评价了罗斯福的这篇演讲，认为“罗斯福所倡导的四大自由，也是中国所一致崇奉的”。1945年10月9日，毛泽东在回答英国记者甘贝尔的提问“中共对‘自由民主的中国’的概念及解说如何”时说：“它将实现孙中山先生的三民主义，林肯的民有民治民享的原则与罗斯福的四大自由，它将保证国家的独立、团结、统一及与各民主强国的合作。”

演讲全文如下： 

新一届国会议员先生们，我现在向你们发表国情咨文，是处在国情咨文历史上前所未有的时刻。我之所以用“前所未有”这个词，是因为美国过去的安全从来没受到像今天这的严重威胁。

美国作为一个国家在所有时期都坚持、明确地反对任何把我们封锁在古老的中国长城后面、让文明的脚步在我们身边走过的企图。今天，为了我们的子孙后代，我们坚决反对孤立我们或孤立任何其他美洲国家的行为。

每个现实主义者都知道，当前，民主的生活方式正在世界各地受到进攻，要么是武力进攻，要么是秘密散布恶毒宣传的攻击，散布这种恶毒宣传的人企图破坏团结，挑起和平国家之间的不和。在16个月的期间里，这种进攻在一大批独立的大大小小的国家里，摧毁了整个民主的生活模式。攻击者仍在磨刀霍霍，威胁着其他大大小小的国家。

因此，作为你们的总统，我要履行宪法赋予我“向国会报告联邦的情况”（刘植荣注：引自美国宪法第2条第3款，即“国情咨文”）的职责。我认为，我有必要怀着沉重的心情向你们报告，这些发生在远离我们国家的事件，已经严重威胁到我们国家和我们民主的前途与安全。

 

现正，四大洲正英勇地进行着以武力保卫民主生存的战争。如果这场保卫战失败，那么欧洲、亚洲、非洲和澳洲的所有人民和一切资源将为征服者所控制。要知道，这四个洲的总人口和所有资源要超过整个西半球的人口和资源的总和的好多倍。

作为一个国家，值得我们骄傲的是我们一向仁慈。但是，我们不能再仁慈下去了，我们必须时刻警惕那些敲锣打鼓高唱抚慰论调的人。我们尤其要小心一小撮自私自利的人去剪美国鹰（刘植荣注：秃鹰是美国国徽上的中心图像，是美国的国鸟，也是美国的象征）的翅膀，用剪下的羽毛装饰他们自己的安乐窝。

 

最近我曾指出，现代战争可以迅速地对给我们带来具体的攻击，如果独裁国家赢得了这场战争，这种攻击肯定会发生在我们身上。

现在有一种不负责的说法，说什么我们不会马上受到来自大西洋彼岸的直接攻击。他们的理由是：如果英国海军保持实力，不会存在这样的危险；即使没有英国海军，任何敌人都不可能如此愚蠢，跨越数千英里的海洋向美国发兵，除非它事先获得一个进攻我们的战略基地。但是，我们在过去一些年里从欧洲汲取了深刻的教训，尤其是在挪威，那里一些重要港口由于叛徒和蓄谋已久的突然袭击被德军占领了。

对西半球入侵的第一阶段，不会是常规的登陆作战，而让是让一些秘密间谍和被蒙骗的人占领必要的战略要地，在美国以及整个拉丁美洲已经有很多这样的人了。只要侵略者进攻的贼心不改，将是他们——而不是我们——选择攻击的时间、地点和方式。

这就是今天所有的美洲共和国的前途面临着巨大危险的原因；这就是今年的国情咨文在我们历史上前所未有的原因；那就是每个美国政府机构和国会议员肩负着重大负担和责任的原因。

我们的当务之急是，我们的行动和政策都应该主要——几乎是惟一的——对付这种来自国外的危险，因为我们所有的国内问题现在已是这一迫在眉睫的问题的一个部分。

就像我们的内政方针是建立在尊重我们所有同胞的权利和尊严的基础上一样，我们的外交政策也是建立在尊重所有大小国家的权利和尊严的基础上的。道德的公理一定会赢得最后胜利。

我们的国策是：

第一，在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下，我们致力于全面国防。

第二，在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下，我们致力于对世界任何地方抗击侵略的人民给予全力支持，正是因为他们的英勇行为才阻止了战火向我们西半球蔓延。通过对他们的支持来表达我们对民主事业必胜的决心，从而加强我们国家的防卫和安全。

第三，在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下，我们坚持这样的主张：处于道德公理和我们自身安全的考虑，我们永远不允许默认侵略者主宰、绥靖分子支持的和平。我们知道，持久的和平不是以牺牲他人自由为代价换来的。

所以，当务之急是迅速、全力扩大武器装备的生产。企业领导和工人积极响应我们的号召，并已制定了生产目标。这些目标在某些情况下会提前达到，在某些情况下会如期达到，在某些情况下会略微延期达到，在某些情况下——我很遗憾地说，这就非常严峻了——我们都会为我们的计划任务不能按时完成而担心。

在过去一年里，美国陆军和海军取得了实质性的进步。我们的实践经验每天都在促进生产方法的改进、加速生产步伐。然而，我们不要满足于现状，而是要百尺竿头，更进一步。

我不满足目前所取得的进步。所有负责这个计划的人都训练有素、技能过硬、赤胆忠心，他们也不满足目前所取得的进步。在这项神圣的使命未完成之前，我们所有的人都不会满足我们目前所取得的进步。不管我们开始定的目标是高是低，我们的目的是用尽可能快的速度得到一个尽可能好的结果。

新的情况不断为我们的安全带来新的需求。我将请求这届国会，为我们继续开展我们已经开始的工作新增大量拨款，并给予更大的授权。我也请求国会授权为那些正在与侵略者作战的国家制造额外的军需品和各种战争装备，并给予足够的预算支持。我们最有效和最直接的角色是，充当他们和我们自己的兵工厂。他们不需人力，他需要的是价值数十亿美元的防卫武器。

用不了多久，他们将无力用现款偿付这些防御武器。我们不能也不会因为他们目前无力支付他们必须购买的武器费用，就告诉他们投降。

我不会建议，我们为他们提供美元贷款，让他们用这些贷款购买他们所需要的武器，将来让他们用美元偿还贷款。我建议，我们设法使那些国家继续从美国取得战争物资，把他们的订单纳入我们的生产计划。一旦我们处于紧急时期，我们可以把他们所订购的所有战争物资用于我们自己的防卫。

根据经验丰富的陆军和海军部门的建议，可以考虑怎么做最有利于我们自己的安全，我们可以自主决定这些战争物资应该留在美国多少，应该拨给我们的外国朋友多少。正是由于他们英勇顽强的抵抗，才使我们赢得了为我们自己作防卫准备的时间。

我们送到国外的一切物资，都将得到偿还，在战争结束后相当短的时间里，他们就会偿还我们，他们可以用类似的物资偿还我们，或者根据我们的要求，用许多他们能够生产的也是我们需要的产品偿还我们。

让我们郑重地对民主国家说：“我们美国人极为关怀你们保卫自由的战争。我们正让我们的实力、我们的资源和我们的组织力量发挥作用，给你们恢复和维持一个自由世界的力量。我们会给你们送去数量与日俱增的舰艇、飞机、坦克和枪炮。这是我们的决心，也是我们的誓言。”

独裁者会认为，我们对那些勇敢抵抗他们侵略的民主国家进行支持，是对国际法的侵犯或是战争行为，为了实现我们对民主国家的承诺，我们不会因独裁者的威胁而畏缩。尽管一个独裁者（刘植荣注：指希特勒）会一再强调这是战争行为，但我们的援助决不是战争行为。

 

还有，如果独裁者准备对我们发动战争，他们是不会等待我们采取战争行为的。挪威、比利时、荷兰没有采取战争行为，独裁者照样进攻它们。独裁者只对单边国际法感兴趣，不是共同遵守这个国际法，因而把国际法变成了一个压迫的工具。未来几代美国人的幸福，主要取决于我们对这些受侵略国家提供的支持是不是有效、是不是及时。没有人能知道，我们会面临何等紧迫的情况，在国家生死存亡的紧急关头，绝对不允许把国家的双手捆绑起来。

是的，我们必须作好准备，我们所有的人都要作好准备，为那种几乎和战争本身一样严峻的非常时期的紧急要求作出牺牲。不管何时，任何阻碍迅速而有效进行防卫准备的事都必须让路给国家需要。

当然，这不是说现在我们任何人都不该考虑社会和经济问题，这些问题是引起社会革命的根本问题，这种革命是当今世界存在的一个主要因素，我之所以这样说出来，是因为一个健全巩固的民主政治基础不存在什么神秘的事情。我们人民对他们的政治和经济制度的一些基本的东西所抱的希望十分简单，那就是：

青年人和其他人机会均等。

能工作的人有工作做。

公民按需得到社会保障。

结束少数人享有的特权。

所有人的民权得到保护。

享受科学进步的成果，使生活水平不断得到普遍提高。

在我们这个混乱和极端复杂的现代世界中，这些是决不应忽视的简单而基本的东西。我们的经济和政治制度本身是否能得到人民的永久信任，这取决于让他们这些希望得以实现的程度。

有不少与我们社会经济有关的事项亟需得到改善，例如：

我们应该让更多的公民享受养老金和失业保险。

我们应该扩大那种使人们得到充分医疗照顾（刘植荣注：美国为65岁以上的老年人和残疾人提供的医疗保障系统）的机会。

 

我们应该设计出一套更好的制度，使那些应当得到并需要一个待遇好的工作的人能得到一份好工作。

我曾号召要作出个人牺牲，并且我相信，几乎每个美国人都心甘情愿地响应这个号召。个人牺牲包括交纳更多的税款。在我的预算里，我将建议，由税收支付的国防开支比例应该比今天的更大。人们不应该试图，也不允许，从这个计划里变成富翁，我们坚持让赋税与公民纳税能力相适应的原则指导我们的立法。

如果国会坚持这些原则，把爱国主义置于金钱利益之上的选民就会为你们喝彩。

在未来的岁月里，我们力求让生活安定，并期待一个建立在四项人类基本自由基础上的世界。

第一，在世界任何地方，都有发表言论和表达意思的自由。

第二，在世界任何地方，人人都有以自己的方式崇拜上帝的自由。

第三，在世界任何地方，免于匮乏的自由。从世界范围来说，就是经济上的融洽关系，它将保证世界每个国家为自己的公民提供安康的生活环境。

第四，在世界任何地方，免除恐惧的自由。从世界范围来说，就是在世界范围进行彻底裁军，达到任何国家都没有能力对任何邻国发动武装侵略的程度。

这不是千年之遥的幻想，在我们这一代它就可以在全世界现实。我们所期望的这种世界与独裁者企图用爆炸建立的所谓暴政“新秩序”截然相反。对于那个新秩序，我们用更伟大的观念与之对抗，那就是道德秩序。一个优良的社会能够毫不畏惧地面对征服世界和外国颠覆的图谋。

美国有史以来，我们一直致力于变革、致力于长期的和平革命。和平革命就是不间断地、平静地调整自己，以适应变化了的环境。和平革命不需要集中营，也不需要或万人坑。我们寻求的世界秩序，是自由国家在友好、文明的社会里的通力合作与共同努力。（本文选自《美国20世纪经典演讲100篇/社会卷》第128-133页，刘植荣译，江西人民出版社）

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

毛泽东《别了，司徒雷登》(中央编译局 编译)

September 13, 2015, 1:58 am

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《别了，司徒雷登》

毛泽东

一九四九年八月十八日

 FAREWELL, LEIGHTON STUART!

August 18, 1949 

美国的白皮书，选择在司徒雷登业已离开南京、快到华盛顿、但是尚未到达的日子----八月五日发表，是可以理解的，因为他是美国侵略政策彻底失败的象征。司徒雷登是一个在中国出生的美国人，在中国有相当广泛的社会联系，在中国办过多年的教会学校，在抗日时期坐过日本人的监狱，平素装着爱美国也爱中国，颇能迷惑一部分中国人，因此被马歇尔看中，做了驻华大使，成为马歇尔系统中的风云人物之一。

It is understandable that the date chosen for the publication of the U.S. White Paper was August 5, a time when Leighton Stuart [1] had departed from Nanking for Washington but had not yet arrived there, since Leighton Stuart is a symbol of the complete defeat of the U.S. policy of aggression. Leighton Stuart is an American born in China; he has fairly wide social connections and spent many years running missionary schools in China, he once sat in a Japanese gaol during the War of Resistance; he used to pretend to love both the United States and China and was able to deceive quite a number of Chinese. Hence, he was picked out by George C. Marshall, was made U.S. ambassador to China and became a celebrity in the Marshall group.

在马歇尔系统看来，他只有一个缺点，就是在他代表马歇尔系统的政策在中国当大使的整个时期，恰恰就是这个政策彻底地被中国人民打败了的时期，这个责任可不小。以脱卸责任为目的的白皮书，当然应该在司徒雷登将到未到的日子发表为适宜。

In the eyes of the Marshall group he had only one fault, namely, that the whole period when he was ambassador to China as an exponent of their policy was the very period in which that policy was utterly defeated by the Chinese people; that was no small responsibility. It is only natural that the White Paper, which is designed to evade this responsibility, should have been published at a time when Leighton Stuart was on his way to Washington but had not yet arrived.

 

美国出钱出枪，蒋介石出人，替美国打仗杀中国人，借以变中国为美国殖民地的战争，组成了美国帝国主义在第二次世界大战以后的世界侵略政策的一个重大的部分。美国侵略政策的对象有好几个部分。欧洲部分，亚洲部分，美洲部分，这三个是主要的部分。中国是亚洲的重心，是一个具有四亿七千五百万人口的大国，夺取了中国，整个亚洲都是它的了。美帝国主义的亚洲战线巩固了，它就可以集中力量向欧洲进攻。美帝国主义在美洲的战线，它是认为比较地巩固的。这些就是美国侵略者的整个如意算盘。

The war to turn China into a U.S. colony, a war in which the United States of America supplies the money and guns and Chiang Kai-shek the men to fight for the United States and slaughter the Chinese people, has been an important component of the U.S. imperialist policy of world-wide aggression since World War II. The U.S. policy of aggression has several targets. The three main targets are Europe, Asia and the Americas. China, the centre of gravity in Asia, is a large country with a population of 475 million; by seizing China, the United States would possess all of Asia. With its Asian front consolidated, U.S. imperialism could concentrate its forces on attacking Europe. U.S. imperialism considers its front in the Americas relatively secure. These are the smug over-all calculations of the U.S. aggressors. 

可是，一则美国的和全世界的人民都不要战争；二则欧洲人民的觉悟，东欧各人民民主国家的兴起，特别是苏联这个空前强大的和平堡垒耸立在欧亚两洲之间，顽强地抵抗着美国的侵略政策，使美国的注意力大部分被吸引住了；三则，这是主要的，中国人民的觉悟，中国共产党领导的武装力量和民众组织力量已经空前地强大起来了。这样，就迫使美帝国主义的当权集团不能采取大规模地直接地武装进攻中国的政策，而采取了帮助蒋介石打内战的政策。

But in the first place, the American people and the peoples of the world do not want war. Secondly, the attention of the United States has largely been absorbed by the awakening of the peoples of Europe, by the rise of the People's Democracies in Eastern Europe, and particularly by the towering presence of the Soviet Union, this unprecedentedly powerful bulwark of peace bestriding Europe and Asia, and by its strong resistance to the U.S. policy of aggression. Thirdly, and this is most important, the Chinese people have awakened, and the armed forces and the organized strength of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China have become more powerful than ever before. Consequently, the ruling clique of U.S. imperialism has been prevented from adopting a policy of direct, large-scale armed attacks on China and instead has adopted a policy of helping Chiang Kai-shek fight the civil war. 

美国的海陆空军已经在中国参加了战争。青岛、上海和台湾，有美国的海军基地。北平、天津、唐山、秦皇岛、青岛、上海、南京都别了，司徒雷登驻过美国的军队。美国的空军控制了全中国，并从空中拍摄了全中国战略要地的军用地图。在北平附近的安平镇，在长春附近的九台，在唐山，在胶东半岛，美国的军队或军事人员曾经和人民解放军接触过，被人民解放军俘虏过多次。陈纳德航空队曾经广泛地参战。美国的空军除替蒋介石运兵外，又炸沉了起义的重庆号巡洋舰。所有这些，都是直接参战的行动，只是还没有公开宣布作战，并且规模还不算大，而以大规模地出钱出枪出顾问人员帮助蒋介石打内战为主要的侵略方式。

U.S. naval, ground and air forces did participate in the war in China. There were U.S. naval bases in Tsingtao, Shanghai and Taiwan. U.S. troops were stationed in Peiping, Tientsin, Tangshan, Chinwangtao, Tsingtao, Shanghai and Nanking. The U.S. air force controlled all of China's air space and took aerial photographs of all China's strategic areas for military maps. At the town of Anping near Peiping, at Chiutai near Changchun, at Tangshan and in the Eastern Shantung Peninsula, U.S. troops and other military personnel clashed with the People's Liberation Army and on several occasions were captured.[2] Chennault's air fleet took an extensive part in the civil war.[3] Besides transporting troops for Chiang Kai-shek, the U.S. air force bombed and sank the cruiser Chungking, which had mutinied against the Kuomintang.[4]All these were acts of direct participation in the war, although they fell short of an open declaration of war and were not large in scale, and although the principal method of U.S. aggression was the large-scale supply of money, munitions and advisers to help Chiang Kai-shek fight the civil war. 

美国之所以采取这种方式，是被中国和全世界的客观形势所决定的，并不是美帝国主义的当权派----杜鲁门、马歇尔系统不想直接侵略中国。在助蒋作战的开头，又曾演过一出美国出面调处国共两党争端的文明戏，企图软化中国共产党和欺骗中国人民，不战而控制全中国。和谈失败了，欺骗不行了，战争揭幕了。

The use of this method by the United States was determined by the objective situation in China and the rest of the world, and not by any lack of desire on the part of the Truman-Marshall group, the ruling clique of U.S. imperialism, to launch direct aggression against China. Moreover, at the outset of its help to Chiang Kai-shek in fighting the civil war, a crude farce was staged in which the United States appeared as mediator in the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; this was an attempt to soften up the Communist Party of China, deceive the Chinese people and thus gain control of all China without fighting. The peace negotiations failed, the deception fell through and the curtain rose on the war. 

对于美国怀着幻想的善忘的自由主义者或所谓“民主个人主义”者们，请你们看一看艾奇逊的话：“和平来到的时候，美国在中国碰到了三种可能的选择：(一)它可以一干二净地撤退；(二)它可以实行大规模的军事干涉，帮助国民党毁灭共产党；(三)它可以帮助国民党把他们的权力在中国最大可能的地区里面建立起来，同时却努力促成双方的妥协来避免内战。”

Liberals or "democratic individualists" who cherish illusions about the United States and have short memories! Please look at Acheson's own words: 

When peace came the United States was confronted with three possible alternatives in China: (1) it could have pulled out lock, stock and barrel; (2) it could have intervened militarily on a major scale to assist the Nationalists to destroy the Communists, (3) it could, while assisting the Nationalists to assert their authority over as much of China as possible, endeavor to avoid a civil war by working for a compromise between the two sides. 

为什么不采取第一个政策呢？艾奇逊说：“我相信当时的美国民意认为，第一种选择等于叫我们不要坚决努力地先做一番补救工作，就把我们的国际责任，把我们对华友好的传统政策，统统放弃。”原来美国的所谓“国际责任”和“对华友好的传统政策”，就是干涉中国。干涉就叫做担负国际责任，干涉就叫做对华友好，不干涉是不行的。艾奇逊在这里强奸了美国的民意，这是华尔街的“民意”，不是美国的民意。

Why didn't the United States adopt the first of these policies? Acheson says:

The first alternative would, and I believe American public opinion at the time so felt, have represented an abandonment of our international responsibilities and of our traditional policy of friendship for China before we had made a determined effort to be of assistance.

So that's how things stand: the "international responsibilities" of the United States and its "traditional policy of friendship for China" are nothing but intervention against China. Intervention is called assuming international responsibilities and showing friendship for China; as to non-intervention, it simply won't do. Here Acheson defiles U.S. public opinion; his is the "public opinion" of Wall Street, not the public opinion of the American people. 

为什么不采取第二个政策呢？艾奇逊说：“第二种供选择的政策，从理论上来看，以及回顾起来，虽然都似乎是令人神往，却是完全行不通的。战前的十年里，国民党已经毁灭不了共产党。现在是战后了，国民党是削弱了，意志消沉了，失去了民心，这在前文已经有了说明。在那些从日本手里收复过来的地区里，国民党文武官员的行为一下子就断送了人民对国民党的支持，断送了它的威信。可是共产党却比以往无论什么时候都强盛，整个华北差不多都被他们控制了。从国民党军队后来所表现的不中用的惨况看来，也许只有靠美国的武力才可以把共产党打跑。对于这样庞大的责任，无论是叫我们的军队在一九四五年承担，或者是在以后来承担，美国人民显然都不会批准。我们因此采取了第三种供选择的政策......”

Why didn't the United States adopt the second of these policies? Acheson says:

The second alternative policy, while it may look attractive theoretically and in retrospect, was wholly impracticable. The Nationalists had been unable to destroy the Communists during the 10 years before the war. Now after the war the Nationalists were, as indicated above, weakened, demoralized, and unpopular. They had quickly dissipated their popular support and prestige in the areas liberated from the Japanese by the conduct of their civil and military officials. The Communists on the other hand were much stronger than they had ever been and were in control of most of North China. Because of the ineffectiveness of the Nationalist forces which was later to be tragically demonstrated, the Communists probably could have been dislodged only by American arms. It is obvious that the American people would not have sanctioned such a colossal commitment of our armies in 1945 or later. We therefore came to the third alternative policy. . . . 

好办法，美国出钱出枪，蒋介石出人，替美国打仗杀中国人，“毁灭共产党”，变中国为美国的殖民地，完成美国的“国际责任”，实现“对华友好的传统政策”。 

What a splendid idea! The United States supplies the money and guns and Chiang Kai-shek the men to fight for the United States and slaughter the Chinese people, to "destroy the Communists" and turn China into a U.S. colony, so that the United States may fulfil its "international responsibilities" and carry out its "traditional policy of friendship for China". 

国民党腐败无能，“意志消沉了，失去了民心”，还是要出钱出枪叫它打仗。直接出兵干涉，在“理论上”是妥当的。单就美国统治者来说，“回顾起来”，也是妥当的。因为这样做起来实在有兴趣。“似乎是令人神往”。但是在事实上是不行的，“美国人民显然都不会批准”。不是我们----杜鲁门、马歇尔、艾奇逊等人的帝国主义系统----不想干，干是很想的，只是因为中国的形势，美国的形势，还有整个国际的形势(这点艾奇逊没有说)不许可，不得已而求其次，采取了第三条路。

Although the Kuomintang was corrupt and incompetent, "demoralized and unpopular", the United States nevertheless supplied it with money and guns and made it fight. Direct armed intervention was all right, "theoretically". It also seems all right "in retrospect" to the rulers of the United States. For direct armed intervention would really have been interesting and it might "look attractive". But it would not have worked in practice, for "it is obvious that the American people would not have sanctioned" it. Not that the imperialist group of Truman, Marshall, Acheson and their like did not desire it -- they very much desired it -- but the situation in China, in the United States and in the world as a whole (a point Acheson does not mention) did not permit it; they had to give up their preference and take the third way. 

那些认为“不要国际援助也可以胜利”的中国人听着，艾奇逊在给你们上课了。艾奇逊是不拿薪水上义务课的好教员，他是如此诲人不倦地毫无隐讳地说出了全篇的真理。美国之所以没有大量出兵进攻中国，不是因为美国政府不愿意，而是因为美国政府有顾虑。第一顾虑中国人民反对它，它怕陷在泥潭里拔不出去。第二顾虑美国人民反对它，因此不敢下动员令。第三顾虑苏联和欧洲的人民以及各国的人民反对它，它将冒天下之大不韪。艾奇逊的可爱的坦白性是有限度的，这第三个顾虑他不愿意说。这是因为他怕在苏联面前丢脸，他怕已经失败了但是还要装做好像没有失败的样子的欧洲马歇尔计划陷入全盘崩溃的惨境。

Let those Chinese who believe that "victory is possible even without international help" listen. Acheson is giving you a lesson. Acheson is a good teacher, giving lessons free of charge, and he is telling the whole truth with tireless zeal and great candour. The United States refrained from dispatching large forces to attack China, not because the U.S. government didn't want to, but because it had worries. First worry: the Chinese people would oppose it, and the U.S. government was afraid of getting hopelessly bogged down in a quagmire. Second worry: the American people would oppose it, and so the U.S. government dared not order mobilization. Third worry: the people of the Soviet Union, of Europe and of the rest of the world would oppose it, and the U.S. government would face universal condemnation. Acheson's charming candour has its limits and he is unwilling to mention the third worry. The reason is he is afraid of losing face before the Soviet Union, he is afraid that the Marshall Plan in Europe, [5] which is already a failure despite pretences to the contrary, may end dismally in total collapse. 

那些近视的思想糊涂的自由主义或民主个人主义的中国人听着，艾奇逊在给你们上课了，艾奇逊是你们的好教员。你们所设想的美国的仁义道德，已被艾奇逊一扫而空。不是吗？你们能在白皮书和艾奇逊信件里找到一丝一毫的仁义道德吗？

Let those Chinese who are short-sighted, muddle-headed liberals or democratic individualists listen. Acheson is giving you a lesson; he is a good teacher for you. He has made a clean sweep of your fancied U.S. humanity, justice and virtue. Isn't that so? Can you find a trace of humanity, justice or virtue in the White Paper or in Acheson's Letter of Transmittal? 

美国确实有科学，有技术，可惜抓在资本家手里，不抓在人民手里，其用处就是对内剥削和压迫，对外侵略和杀人。美国也有“民主政治”，可惜只是资产阶级一个阶级的独裁统治的别名。美国有很多钱，可惜只愿意送给极端腐败的蒋介石反动派。现在和将来据说很愿意送些给它在中国的第五纵队，但是不愿意送给一般的书生气十足的不识抬举的自由主义者，或民主个人主义者，当然更加不愿意送给共产党。送是可以的，要有条件。什么条件呢？就是跟我走。美国人在北平，在天津，在上海，都洒了些救济粉，看一看什么人愿意弯腰拾起来。太公钓鱼，愿者上钩。嗟来之食，吃下去肚子要痛的。

True, the United States has science and technology. But unfortunately they are in the grip of the capitalists, not in the hands of the people, and are used to exploit and oppress the people at home and to perpetrate aggression and to slaughter people abroad. There is also "democracy" in the United States. But unfortunately it is only another name for the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie by itself. The United States has plenty of money. But unfortunately it is willing to give money only to the Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries, who are rotten to the core. The United States, it is said, is and will be quite willing to give money to its fifth column in China, but is unwilling to give it to the ordinary run of liberals or democratic individualists, who are much too bookish and do not know how to appreciate favours, and naturally it is even more unwilling to give money to the Communists. Money may be given, but only conditionally. What is the condition? Follow the United States. The Americans have sprinkled some relief flour in Peiping, Tientsin and Shanghai to see who will stoop to pick it up. Like Chiang Tai Kung fishing, [6] they have cast the line for the fish who want to be caught. But he who swallows food handed out in contempt [7] will get a bellyache. 

我们中国人是有骨气的。许多曾经是自由主义者或民主个人主义者的人们，在美国帝国主义者及其走狗国民党反动派面前站起来了。闻一多拍案而起，横眉怒对国民党的手枪，宁可倒下去，不愿屈服。朱自清一身重病，宁可饿死，不领美国的“救济粮”。唐朝的韩愈写过《伯夷颂》，颂的是一个对自己国家的人民不负责任、开小差逃跑、又反对武王领导的当时的人民解放战争、颇有些“民主个人主义”思想的伯夷，那是颂错了。我们应当写闻一多颂，写朱自清颂，他们表现了我们民族的英雄气概。

We Chinese have backbone. Many who were once liberals or democratic individualists have stood up to the U.S. imperialists and their running dogs, the Kuomintang reactionaries. Wen Yi-to rose to his full height and smote the table, angrily faced the Kuomintang pistols and died rather than submit.[8] Chu Tse-ching, though seriously ill, starved to death rather than accept U.S. "relief food".[9] Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty wrote a "Eulogy of Po Yi", [10] praising a man with quite a few "democratic individualist" ideas, who shirked his duty towards the people of his own country, deserted his post and opposed the people's war of liberation of that time, led by King Wu. He lauded the wrong man. We should write eulogies of Wen Yi-to and Chu Tse-ching who demonstrated the heroic spirit of our nation. 

多少一点困难怕什么。封锁吧，封锁十年八年，中国的一切问题都解决了。中国人死都不怕，还怕困难吗？老子说过：“民不畏死，奈何以死惧之。”美帝国主义及其走狗蒋介石反动派，对于我们，不但“以死惧之”，而且实行叫我们死。闻一多等人之外，还在过去的三年内，用美国的卡宾枪、机关枪、迫击炮、火箭炮、榴弹跑、坦克和飞机炸弹，杀死了数百万中国人。现在这种情况已近尾声了，他们打了败仗了，不是他们杀过来而是我们杀过去了，他们快要完蛋了。留给我们多少一点困难，封锁、失业、灾荒、通货膨胀、物价上升之类，确实是困难，但是，比起过去三年来已经松了一口气了。过去三年的一关也闯过了，难道不能克服现在这点困难吗？没有美国就不能活命吗？

What matter if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us! Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China's problems will have been solved. Will the Chinese cower before difficulties when they are not afraid even of death? Lao Tzu said, "The people fear not death, why threaten them with it?" [11] U.S. imperialism and its running dogs, the Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries, have not only "threatened" us with death but actually put many of us to death. Besides people like Wen Yi-to, they have killed millions of Chinese in the last three years with U.S. carbines, machine-guns, mortars, bazookas, howitzers, tanks and bombs dropped from aeroplanes. This situation is now coming to an end. They have been defeated. It is we who are going in to attack them, not they who are coming out to attack us. They will soon be finished. True, the few problems left to us, such as blockade, unemployment, famine, inflation and rising prices, are difficulties, but we have already begun to breathe more easily than in the past three years. We have come triumphantly through the ordeal of the last three years, why can't we overcome these few difficulties of today? Why can't we live without the United States? 

人民解放军横渡长江，南京的美国殖民政府如鸟兽散。司徒雷登大使老爷却坐着不动，睁起眼睛看着，希望开设新店，捞一把。司徒雷登看见了什么呢？除了看见人民解放军一队一队地走过，工人、农民、学生一群一群地起来之外，他还看见了一种现象，就是中国的自由主义者或民主个人主义者也大群地和工农兵学生等人一道喊口号，讲革命。总之是没有人去理他，使得他“茕茕孑立，形影相吊”，没有什么事做了，只好挟起皮包走路。

When the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtse River, the U.S. colonial government at Nanking fled helter-skelter. Yet His Excellency Ambassador Stuart sat tight, watching wide-eyed, hoping to set up shop under a new signboard and to reap some profit. But what did he see? Apart from the People's Liberation Army marching past, column after column, and the workers, peasants and students rising in hosts, he saw something else -- the Chinese liberals or democratic individualists turning out in force, shouting slogans and talking revolution together with the workers, peasants, soldiers and students. In short, he was left out in the cold, "standing all alone, body and shadow comforting each other". [12] There was nothing more for him to do, and he had to take to the road, his briefcase under his arm. 

中国还有一部分知识分子和其他人等存有糊涂思想，对美国存有幻想，因此应当对他们进行说服、争取、教育和团结的工作，使他们站到人民方面来，不上帝国主义的当。但是整个美帝国主义在中国人民中的威信已经破产了，美国的白皮书，就是一部破产的记录。先进的人们，应当很好地利用白皮书对中国人民进行教育工作。司徒雷登走了，白皮书来了，很好，很好。这两件事都是值得庆祝的。

There are still some intellectuals and other people in China who have muddled ideas and illusions about the United States. Therefore we should explain things to them, win them over, educate them and unite with them, so they will come over to the side of the people and not fall into the snares set by imperialism. But the prestige of U.S. imperialism among the Chinese people is completely bankrupt, and the White Paper is a record of its bankruptcy. Progressives should make good use of the White Paper to educate the Chinese people.

Leighton Stuart has departed and the White Paper has arrived. Very good. Very good. Both events are worth celebrating.

 

注释

　　〔1〕司徒雷登（一八七六――一九六二），美国人，生于中国杭州。一九○五年开始在中国传教，一九一九年起任美国在中国兴办的燕京大学的校长。一九四六年七月十一日，出任美国驻中国大使，积极支持国民党反动政府进行反人民内战。一九四九年四月南京解放后，司徒雷登留在南京观望。同年八月二日，由于美帝国主义阻挠中国人民革命胜利的一切努力都已彻底失败，司徒雷登不得不悄然离开中国。

　　〔2〕一九四五年日本投降以后，以侵略中国领土主权和干涉中国内政为目的的美国军队即在中国登陆，侵驻北平、上海、南京、天津、唐山、开平、秦皇岛、静海、青岛等地区，并不断地向解放区进犯。本文中所举的安平镇事件，是一九四六年七月二十九日驻天津美军配合国民党军队进攻河北省香河县安平镇的事件。九台事件，是一九四七年三月一日美军向长春和九台间的和气堡人民解放军阵地进行军事侦察的事件。唐山事件，是指一九四六年六月十六日驻唐山美军向宋家营等地侵扰，和同年七月间，在唐山附近的滦县三河庄子、昌黎县西河南村的侵扰。美军对胶东半岛的侵犯，前后发生多次，著名的有两次，一次是一九四七年八月二十八日美国的飞机和军舰向牟平县浪暖口、小里岛侵犯；一次是同年十二月二十五日美军配合国民党军队进攻即墨县北的王疃院。对于上述美军进犯解放区的侵略行为，中国人民解放军或地方人民武装，都曾采取了严正的自卫行动。

　　〔3〕陈纳德，美国人。抗日战争时期，曾任国民党政府空军顾问，并组织“美国志愿航空队”（又称“飞虎队”，后改为第十四航空队），支持中国抗战。日本投降后，他率领美国第十四航空队一部分人员，组织空运队，帮助国民党进行内战。

　　〔4〕 见本卷《中国人民解放军总部发言人为英国军舰暴行发表的声明》注〔4〕。

　　〔5〕第二次世界大战结束后，西欧由于战争破坏和自然灾害的影响，政治动荡，经济衰退。为了控制西欧和扩大国外市场，美国国务卿马歇尔在一九四七年六月五日的一次演说中，建议欧洲国家共同拟订一个“复兴”计划，由美国予以“援助”。七月，英、法、意等十六国在巴黎开会，决定接受马歇尔建议，成立欧洲经济合作委员会（后改为欧洲经济合作组织），提出“欧洲复兴方案”。由于这个方案是根据马歇尔的建议制订的，故又被称为马歇尔计划。一九四八年四月杜鲁门总统签署美国《一九四八年经济合作法》（即“一九四八年对外援助法”）后，马歇尔计划正式执行。一九五一年底，美国宣布提前结束执行这个计划。

　　〔6〕 “太公钓鱼，愿者上钩”，是一个民间传说。据传周朝姜太公曾在渭水河边用无饵的直钩在水面三尺上钓鱼，说：“负命者上钓来！”（见《武王伐纣平话》卷中）“嗟来之食”，是指一种带侮辱性的施舍。齐国的一个饥民因为不吃嗟来之食而饿死的故事，见《礼记·檀弓下》。

　　〔7〕闻一多（一八九九――一九四六），湖北浠水人，著名的诗人、学者和教授。一九四三年以后，由于痛恨国民党政府的反动和腐败，积极参加争取民主的斗争。抗日战争结束后，积极地反对国民党勾结美帝国主义发动反人民的内战。一九四六年七月十五日在昆明被国民党特务暗杀。

　　〔8〕朱自清（一八九八――一九四八），原籍浙江绍兴，生于江苏东海，现代文学家、教授。抗日战争结束后，他积极支持反对蒋介石统治的学生运动。一九四八年六月签名于抗议美国扶植日本和拒绝领取“美援”面粉的宣言。当时他的生活非常困苦，这年八月十二日终因贫病在北平逝世。在他逝世以前，还嘱咐家人不要买国民党政府配售的平价美援面粉。

　　〔9〕韩愈（七六八――八二四），中国唐代著名的大作家。《伯夷颂》是韩愈所写的一篇散文。伯夷，殷末人，周武王进军讨伐殷王朝，他曾经表示反对；武王灭殷后，他逃避到首阳山，不食周粟而死。

　　〔10〕 见《老子》第七十四章。

　　〔11〕 见李密《陈情表》。 

 

NOTES

1. John Leighton Stuart, who was born in China in 1876, was always a loyal agent of U.S. cultural aggression in China. He started missionary work in China in 1905 and in 1919 became president of Yenching University, which was established by the United States in Peking. On July 11, 1946, he was appointed U.S. ambassador to China. He actively supported the Kuomintang reactionaries in prosecuting the civil war and carried out various political intrigues against the Chinese people. On August 2, 1949, because all the efforts of U.S. imperialism to obstruct the victory of the Chinese people's revolution had completely failed, Leighton Stuart had to leave China quietly.

2. Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, the armed forces of the United States, with the purpose of aggression against China's territory and sovereignty and of interference in her domestic affairs, landed in China and stationed themselves at Peiping, Shanghai, Nanking, Tientsin, Tangshan, Kaiping, Chinwangtao, Chinghai, Tsingtao and other places. In addition, they repeatedly invaded the Liberated Areas. On July 29, 1946, U.S. troops in Tientsin, in co-ordination with Chiang Kai-shek's bandit troops, assaulted the town of Anping, Hsiangho County, Hopei Province; this is the Anping Incident referred to in the text. On March 1, 1947, U.S. troops made a military reconnaissance of the position of the People's Liberation Army at Hohsipao, situated between Changchun and Chintai in northeastern China. On June 16, 1946, U.S. troops at Tangshan, Hopei Province, raided Sungchiaying and other places; in July they raided Sanho Village, Luanhsien County, and Hsihonan Village, Changli County, both near Tangshan. Of the numerous attacks on the Eastern Shantung Peninsula, the most widely-known were two, one by U.S. aircraft and warships on Langnuankou and Hsiaoli Island, Mouping County, on August 28, 1947, and the other by U.S. forces on Wanglintao Village, north of Chimo County, on December 25, 1947 in co-ordination with Chiang Kai-shek's bandit troops. In all these cases in which the U.S. forces committed acts of aggression by invading the Liberated Areas, the Chinese People's Liberation Army or the local people's armed forces took just action in self-defence.

3. Claire Lee Chennault was at one time U.S. adviser to the Kuomintang government's air force. After the Japanese surrender, he organized a group of the U.S. 14th Air Force personnel into an air transport corps to help the Kuomintang fight the civil war. His air transport corps took a direct part in the criminal reconnoitring and bombing of the Liberated Areas.

4. See "On the Outrages by British Warships -- Statement by the Spokesman of the General Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army", Note 4, p. 403 of this volume.

5. On June 5, 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall made a speech at Harvard University, putting forward a plan for so-called U.S. "aid" to rehabilitate Europe. The "European Recovery Programme" subsequently drawn up by the U.S. government on the basis of the speech was known as the "Marshall Plan".

6. Chiang Tai Kung lived in the Chou Dynasty. According to a legend, he once fished in the Weishui River, holding a rod without hook or bait three feet above the water, and saying, "The fish that is destined to be caught will come up." (From Stories About King Wu's Expedition Against the Yin Dynasty.)

7. "Food handed out in contempt" refers to alms handed out as an insult. It is an allusion to a story in the Book of Rites, which tells of a hungry man in the State of Chi, who would rather starve to death than accept food given him insultingly.

8. Wen Yi-to (1899-1946), famed Chinese poet, scholar and university professor. In 1943 he began to take an active part in the struggle for democracy out of bitter hatred for the reaction and corruption of the Chiang Kai-shek government. After the War of Resistance Against Japan, he vigorously opposed the Kuomintang's conspiracy with U.S. imperialism to start civil war against the people. On July 15, 1946, he was assassinated in Kunming by Kuomintang thugs.

9. Chu Tse-ching (1898-1948) Chinese man of letters and university professor. After the War of Resistance, he actively supported the student movement against the Chiang Kai-shek regime. In June 1948 he signed a declaration protesting against the revival of Japanese militarism, which was being fostered by the United States, and rejecting "U.S. relief" flour. He was then living in great poverty. He died in Peiping on August l2, 1948, from poverty and illness, but even on his death-bed he enjoined his family not to buy the U.S. flour rationed by the Kuomintang government.

10. Han Yu (768-824) was a famous writer of the Tang Dynasty. "Eulogy of Po Yi" was a prose piece written by him. Po Yi, who lived towards the end of the Yin Dynasty, opposed the expedition of King Wu of Chou against the House of Yin. After the downfall of the House of Yin, he fled to the Shouyang Mountain and starved to death rather than eat of Chou grain.

11. A quotation from Lao Tzu Chapter LXXIV.

12. A quotation from Li Mi's "Memorial to the Emperor".

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原文地址：别不了的司徒雷登作者：括苍山人吴越

别不了的司徒雷登

玉东临风玉东临风玉东临风

2015-07-06 玉东临风

一

我正要去买鲜花，看到西湖边上坐着一个老人，守着两竹筐刚成熟的莲篷，就改变了主意：用莲蓬祭奠司徒雷登，更意味深长。
　　我曾是个狂热的红卫兵，对毛泽东的无限崇拜“溶化在血液里”，特别敬仰那篇喜笑怒骂的《别了，司徒雷登》。在学校毛泽东思想文艺宣传队里，我和表哥分别扮演尼克松和蒋介石，把他们丑化得愚蠢透顶，让极度贫困的乡亲们笑得前仰后合。大家不叫我李茗公而叫尼克松，不叫他朱好礼而叫蒋光头。40多年后，我还清楚记得辱骂司徒雷登的唱词：“解放军百万雄师打过长江，吓坏了美国大使司徒雷登。他妄想和我国继续建交，耍诡计搞阴谋恶贯满盈。为帮助蒋介石他赖在南京，想不到照妖镜下露了原形！”
　　后来研究历史，我知道了司徒雷登对中国教育与和平事业的特殊贡献，也明白了那些唱词的漏洞百出，因此产生了深深的愧疚。
　　《别了，司徒雷登》谈“中国人有骨气”时举例说：“闻一多拍案而起，横眉怒对国民党的手枪，宁可倒下去，不愿屈服。”但闻一多被杀害前的《最后一次讲演》却赞扬说：“现在司徒雷登出任美驻华大使。司徒雷登是中国人民的朋友，是教育家，他生长在中国，受的美国教育。他住在中国的时间比住在美国的时间长，他就如一个中国的留学生一样，从前在北平时，也常见面。他是一位和蔼可亲的学者，是真正知道中国人民的要求的，这不是说司徒雷登有三头六臂，能替中国人民解决一切，而是说美国人民的舆论抬头，美国才有这转变。”《别了，司徒雷登》和《最后一次演讲》都收入中学课本，闻一多赞扬司徒雷登的话却被删了。九泉之下闻一多作何感想？
　　知道司徒雷登安葬在杭州后，我就决定要去墓前祭奠，向他鞠躬道歉！然而到了杭州，打听许多人却不知道墓址：宾馆总台、卖莲蓬老人和交警都不知道，出租车司机给许多熟人打电话，仍问不出子丑寅卯，拉着我绕了一圈又一圈，最后仍沮丧地把我送回宾馆。
　　不成问题的问题成了问题，我立即请众网友帮助搜索！消息纷至沓来：司徒雷登墓在杭州郊区半山镇水洪庙安贤园公墓，服务热线0571－88141111。
　　太偏远了！此时距我离开杭州的车次仅有三个多小时，但我必须去祭奠。我被司徒雷登痴爱中国的真相感动着，区区163元车费、烈日下两个多小时奔波，又算得了什么！
　　的哥小王万分感慨地说：从初中课本里知道司徒雷登，却不知道他父母、弟弟都葬在杭州；不知道他母亲创办杭州弘道女中，不知道他弟弟是之江大学校长，不知道他对中国教育事业的巨大贡献。
　　1931年“九·一八”事变发生后，司徒雷登率领燕大师生走上街头游行，领头高呼“打倒日本帝国主义”。卢沟桥事变爆发后，为免遭日寇骚扰，司徒雷登这才让学校悬挂美国国旗。燕大不仅为沦陷区学生提供了继续求学之处，还成为沟通沦陷区与解放区及大后方的秘密通道。1941年12月8日日军偷袭珍珠港后美国对日宣战，日本宪兵第二天就逮捕司徒雷登。他坐牢时间长达3年零8个月，直至1945年日本投降后才获释，赢得了“身陷囹圄，临危不惧，忠贞不贰，亮节高风”的赞誉。
　　安贤园公墓对我非常热情，派专人当向导。在墓碑丛立的山洼里，我终于看到了神圣的十字架、洁白的和平鸽和微笑的司徒雷登。
　　烈日当头，在墓地人员和司机小王的默默注视下，我恭敬地献上那新鲜的莲蓬，然后深深鞠躬：
　　“原谅我，司徒雷登先生！”

　　二

墓碑林立的山坳里，蝉此伏彼起地叫着“知了──知了──！”
　　司徒雷登对中国最大的贡献，是创办了燕京大学。
　　晚清以来中国艰难曲折的现代化进程中，教会学校居功至伟。西方传教士创建了很多大中小学和女子学院。除燕大外，著名教会大学还有15所：东吴大学、圣约翰大学、之江大学、华中大学、齐鲁大学、金陵大学、金陵女子文理学院、沪江大学、福建协和大学、华南女子文理学院、岭南大学、华西协和大学、辅仁大学、震旦大学、天津工商学院。他们为中国培养了大批泰斗级名人：教育家陶行知、建筑大师贝聿铭、外交家顾维钧、政治家宋子文、实业家荣毅仁、文化名人邹韬奋、费孝通、雷洁琼、金庸、林语堂、冰心……
　　我们经过惨痛的反右、三年大饥饿和十年文革浩劫，开始融入现代化的世界潮流。中国应该承认，虔诚的传教士们从外国筹集巨款来中国办教育，传播现代科学知识，无论在哪种社会制度之下，都是功德无量的崇高行为。连1991年版《毛泽东选集》，也在《别了，司徒雷登》的注释中删去了“他一向是美国对华文化侵略的忠实执行者”这句关键评语。
　　在司徒雷登墓前，我联想到上海交大2008年对“世界大学学术五百强”的排名：北大、清华都排在200名之后；联想到2009年教育进展国际评估组织对全球21个国家调查的结果：中国孩子计算能力排名第一，想象力排名倒数第一；联想到日本在新世纪提出到2050年争取30个诺贝尔奖，平均每10年6人，结果前9年已经获奖10人；联想到著名的“钱学森之问”：为什么我们的学校总是培养不出杰出人才？
　　我们应该为那些著名教会大学，树一个白求恩式的纪念碑。
　　当年，义和团烧毁了美英教会创办的汇文大学、华北协和女子大学和通州协和大学校舍，创办者重建时计划合并为一所大学，但在学校名称和校长人选上分歧很大，后来达成妥协方案：选一位“局外人”任校长，很多名人推荐司徒雷登。
　　美国“海外传教运动”领袖罗伯特·史庇尔推荐说：“司徒雷登深切了解中国，在华传教人士中对中国青年最具影响力，而且才华与学养出众，思想开朗，中外人士都心仪其人。”基督教青年会国际协会副总干事布鲁克曼推荐说：“司徒雷登的才具足以出掌任何教会机构。他出生中国，此为其他同行所望尘莫及。他中文与英文都运用自如，而且深谙中国文学，可称一时无两。他的心灵也属难得的品质。我相信他举世无仇敌。在未来的大学里能调和中外，折衷新旧思想的，我不作第二人想。”
　　许多朋友都认为那是个“无法收拾的烂摊子”，经费非常困难，劝他别当这个校长。他也曾不愿接受这项任命，但他更知道办好一所大学的意义。为了痴爱的中国，他挑起了这副重担。
　　筹建燕京大学的本部设在城内盔甲厂。司徒雷登经常骑着毛驴为燕大校址四处奔波。为得到美国富豪和中国官绅资助，他四处奔波化缘，一连几天陪一个半聋老太太聊天玩游戏，希望她财产遗嘱别忘了燕大。他叹息说：“我每次见到乞丐，就感到我属于他们这一类！”
　　经过他坚持不懈的努力，一所近代中国规模最大、环境最优美的校园拔地而起。他千方百计让名不见经传的燕大与哈佛、牛津和普林斯顿等世界著名大学合作，很快名声大震。
　　燕大是教会学校，司徒雷登却大胆提出“使燕大彻底中国化”。他说：“燕大必须是一所经得起任何考验的、真正意义上的大学，至于信仰什么，则完全是个人的私事”。他宣布不必再像以前那样把宗教作为必修课，甚至也不必一定要做礼拜。同时他极力邀聘更多著名中国学者来校任教，与外籍教师享受同等待遇，燕大名师云集如雷贯耳：郭绍虞、俞平伯、周作人、郑振铎、陈垣、邓文如、顾颉刚、张东荪、刘廷芳、吴雷川、胡适、吴文藻、冯友兰、陆志韦、沈尹默……
　　司徒雷登民主理念非常鲜明。他说：“中国的学生运动是全世界民主运动的一环，学生是中国的希望。”国民党教育部长朱家骅当面指责他把燕大办得“非常左倾”。司徒雷登和毛泽东也很友好。燕大学生奔赴解放区，他在送别时说过“国民党腐败无能，中共实行民主，美国政府决定支持中共抗日，你们到那里后请代我问候毛泽东先生。”重庆谈判时毛泽东和司徒雷登第一次握手，就赞扬说延安有他许多学生，在宴席上再次称赞燕大学生的出色表现，并邀请他访问延安。1940年秋司徒雷登在重庆骑马时坠马受伤，毛泽东闻讯立即发慰问电，且由周恩来亲自面呈。
　　据统计：燕大办学33年注册学生9988名，为中国培育了大批高水平人才，其中中国科学院院士42人，中国工程院院士11人，各学科带头人超过100人。二战时中国驻世界各大城市新闻特派员90%是燕大毕业生。1979年邓小平访美代表团共21人，李慎之等燕大毕业者，竟有7人之多。

　　三

司徒雷登成为妇孺皆知的“坏人”，是因为他当了驻华大使。
　　抗战及内战前，中共和美国关系相当友好。毛泽东书面回答路透社驻重庆记者甘贝尔提问时说：“自由民主的中国”将是这样一个国家，它的各级政府直至中央政府都是由普遍、平等、无记名的选举所产生，并向选举它们的人民负责。它将实现孙中山先生的三民主义，林肯的民有、民治、民享的原则与罗斯福的四大自由。1944年7月4日美国国庆节，《新华日报》发表歌颂美国民主的社论说：“民主的美国已经有了它的同伴，孙中山的事业已经有了它的继承者，这就是中国共产党和其他民主的势力。我们共产党人现在所进行的工作，乃是华盛顿、杰弗逊、林肯等早已在美国进行了的工作，它一定会得到而且已经得到民主的美国的同情。美国正在用大力援助中国抗日战争与民主运动，这是我们所感激的。”社论高呼：民主的美国万岁！
　　美国因国民党政权腐败而逐渐失去信任，对中共却日趋亲密。因此美国并不希望中国发生“煮豆燃萁”的内战，司徒雷登为避免内战、建立联合政府而积极调解尽力斡旋，他说：“为了把握问题的症结，我们不仅要扫除我们对共产主义的偏见和恐惧，而且应该以充满希望、富有成效的精神来敏思、果断。国民党中存在大量令人痛惜和谴责的弊端，而在中国共产主义运动中毕竟具有很多值得称赞的造福于民的优点。假如国共双方的优良品质能互补，融为一体，捐弃前嫌，这将是一个极妙的联合。”
　　所以，艾奇逊1949年8月5日公开信说：“在那些从日本手里收复过来的地区里，国民党文武官员的行为一下子就断送了人民对国民党的支持，断送了它的威信。”“国民党曾于1946年不顾马歇尔元帅的警告发动了一个雄心勃勃的军事行动。马歇尔警告说，这种行动不仅会遭致失败，而且会使中国陷入经济的混乱，最后并将摧毁国民政府。……没有一个对军事情况的估计，比这更完全地为后来发生的事实所证实。”
　　所以，国共内战开始不久，杜鲁门政府就宣布对中国实行制裁，停止一切军事援助。当时国民党是中国合法政府，承受制裁的当然也是国民党。这种制裁国民党退到台湾也没停止，直到朝鲜战争爆发才终结。1948年末蒋介石委托宋美龄到美国求援失败，不得已又退而求其次，请求美国政府和蒋介石政府发表一个联合声明，证明美国仍支持蒋政权，但这个有名无实的要求，美国竟然都没答应。
　　国民党政府南逃广州时，苏联大使罗申也追随到广州，但美国驻华大使司徒雷登反而留在南京。他要想方设法促使美国和中共建交。国民党政府要人何应钦等高层要人轮番敦促，请他移驻广州，他故意拖延。在4月22日南京城响起枪声的最后关头，他说接到美国国务院指示，让他暂留南京。国民党政权对他恨得咬牙切齿！
　　司徒雷登当然知道从前中共是苏联掌控下共产国际领导的一个支部，革命根据地叫“苏区”，政权叫“苏维埃”，武装力量叫“红军”，小学也叫“列宁小学”，连工农红军作战也长期交给共产国际派来的军事专家指挥，苏联和中共实际是“上下级关系”。但是，他和私人秘书傅泾波，仍要努力争取美国与中共建交。
　　1949年5月，燕大毕业的共产党人黄华（后任外交部长）和林克（后任毛泽东英文秘书）奉命以私人身份会见司徒雷登。老校长告诉他们：美国方面指示让他与中共接触和会谈。
　　他在与黄华接触的同时，还托请民主党派陈铭枢与中共联系，转达美方五点意见和四个文件。五点意见是：(1)美国人相信不同意识形态的国家可以和平共存；(2)美国对即将由中共控制的政府有两点特别关切：一是真正尊重人权，还是搞成极权或警察国家？二是是否从事暴力式的世界革命？(3)凡是希望美国与中国保持友好关系的人，都对中共外交政策的迹象感到不安；(4)在经济关系方面，中共官员言论似乎不鼓励和美国通商；(5)美国立场是等着瞧，但中共应该重视司徒雷登大使等留在南京的事实。四个文件说明与美国保持关系对中共如何有利和重要。他甚至对罗隆基说，如果新中国采取中间态度，美国可以一次借给新政府50亿美元，接近印度15年所获贷款。罗隆基得知毛泽东《论人民民主专政》一文即将发表，未敢向毛泽东转达这个口信，以后也只是告诉了周恩来。
　　6月6日，司徒雷登说他接到副国务卿魏伯来电，希望他在返美前能赴北平会见周恩来，了解中共方面的意见，返美活动更有力量。傅泾波说司徒雷登希望美国经济合作总署的救灾物资能运回中国，提供大批借款和进行贸易对中国工业化会有帮助。黄华说去北平并非易事，战争中铁路损坏严重。傅泾波说司徒雷登有一架小型飞机可用。黄华向中央作了汇报，中央考虑非官方渠道接触较方便，决定由燕大校长陆志韦邀请司徒雷登访问燕大。
　　6月28日第三次见面，黄华说毛泽东周恩来欢迎他重访燕大。司徒雷登高兴地说：“此时美国大使前往北平会极大地提高中国共产党和毛本人在国内的威望。从某种意义上说，这是我方朝着承认共产党政权跨出的第二步（第一步是我留在南京）。”
　　然而，6月30日毛泽东发表《论人民民主专政》公开宣布“一边倒”外交政策：“骑墙是不行的，第三条道路是没有的。我们反对倒向帝国主义一边的蒋介石反动派，我们也反对第三条道路的幻想。”甚至对司徒雷登主动表示的美国援助也公开拒绝：“现时英美的统治者还是帝国主义者，他们会给人民国家以援助吗？”“我们在国际上是属于以苏联为首的反帝国主义战线一方面的，真正的友谊只能向这一方面去找，而不能向帝国主义战线一方面去找。”于是，一切皆成泡影。
　　王立，1972年《上海公报》谈判参与者、曾任中国驻美国芝加哥总领事。他在《1949年中美走向敌对关系的客观背景》中说：早在1949年4月，毛泽东已向中共内部发指示“不急于同美国提交”，“一个相当时期内也不急于去解决”。
　　美国政府只好于7月2日回复司徒雷登，不同意他在目前形势下赴北平，必须于7月25日前回国；司徒雷登竟然再次提出了去北平的请求，恼怒的美国政府电令司徒雷登：务必于8月2日前离开中国！他这才不得不登上飞机，离开他生活了55年的中国。回国后他就被美国政府“封杀”：不许演讲，不许谈美中关系，不许接受记者采访，并且要“审查”他，所幸被私人秘书傅泾波想方设法抵制而不了了之。
　　“举世无仇敌”的司徒雷登，首先得罪了国民党，接着得罪了美国政府，最后又得罪了共产党。他以基督徒的博爱和痴情，打了一个似乎至今也仍无法解开的“中国结”！

　　四

司徒雷登中美建交努力失败了，但很多人相信：如果中美当时建交，不但大陆和台湾的历史要改写，甚至朝鲜战争也有可能避免。
　　虽然毛泽东在不到一个月的时间里，接二连三发表了《丢掉幻想，准备斗争》、《别了，司徒雷登》、《为什么要讨论白皮书》、《“友谊”，还是侵略？》和《唯心历史观的破产》等文章，嘲弄抨击美国政府，但是美国总统杜鲁门1950年1月5日发表声明，仍重申《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》关于台湾归还中国的决定，并表示不拟卷入中国内战。1月12日艾奇逊发表讲话，也仍把台湾划在美国远东防线之外。直到1950年6月25日朝鲜战争爆发后，第七舰队才开赴台湾海峡，阻止我解放台湾。
　　其实，早在1949年4月，金日成就派特使向毛泽东递交了朝鲜劳动党致中共的信，请求中共把解放军中的3个朝鲜师转交给朝鲜，准备统一。毛泽东表态支持金日成南北统一。科瓦廖夫5月18日致电斯大林汇报说：毛泽东认为“类似北朝鲜进攻南方这样的行动，只有在1950年初国际形势有利于这一点时，才可以采取。”（沈志华编《朝鲜战争：俄国档案馆的解密文件》上册第190页）对于外国的武力干涉，据说毛泽东的表态是：“你们不用担心，因为有苏联在旁边，有我们在东北。必要时，我们可以给你们悄悄地派去中国士兵。”毛泽东又补充说：“都是黑头发，谁也分不清。”（同上书第187-188页）1949年7月至1950年元月，中共支援了全副武装且经过长征、抗日和国共内战锻炼的朝鲜族军事干部和战士35141人，为金日成发动统一朝鲜战争奠定了基础。
　　《赫鲁晓夫回忆录》说：金日成两次汇报打过三八线统一全朝鲜得到斯大林支持，但“斯大林仍然决定就金日成的建议征求毛泽东的意见。”“我一直完全无法理解的是，正当金日成准备进军之际，为何斯大林召回了我国的顾问；原本朝鲜民主主义人民共和国军队的各个师都有我国的顾问，也许团里也有。斯大林悉数召回了替金日成出谋划策和协助他组建军队的顾问。我当时就曾向斯大林讲了自己的意见，而他对我的异议却抱着十分敌对的态度：‘不行！他们有可能被俘。我们不希望出现指控我们参与此事的证据。这是金日成的事情。’”
　　过去权威材料都说：毛泽东出兵朝鲜是反复权衡之后的非常无奈之举，然而研究冷战国际史的沈志华却发表文章言之凿凿地说：1950年5月14日接到斯大林电报后，毛泽东“不仅当场宣布全力支持北朝鲜的军事行动，而且在战争开始后，一再直接或间接地要求派兵入朝助战。”
　　我最感到愤怒的是，苏联不使用否决权！联合国宪章规定重大决议须5个常任理事国一致通过。只要苏联使用否决权，其他联合国成员国可能就不出兵朝鲜。这令人想到那个成语：火中取栗！
　　知道当年加入联合国军，参加朝鲜战争的国家和提供医疗支持的国家的名单吗？他们是希腊、法国、埃塞俄比亚、丹麦、哥伦比亚、加拿大、英国、泰国、瑞士、南非、菲律宾、挪威、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、印度、意大利、澳大利亚和比利时。
　　最吊诡的是，战前双方以美苏协议的三八线为界，战后仍以三八线为界；但参战各方都说自己胜利了。
　　今日朝韩人民生活的巨大差异更令人感慨。
　　在司徒雷登墓前，我想起毛泽东为中美建交精心策划“小球转动大球”：1971年4月第31届世乒赛在日本举行，美国运动员科恩误上中国队班车，中国运动员如临大敌，庄则栋却欢迎他并赠黄山织锦，美国领队哈里森因此提出访问中国。外交部报告周总理，总理批示暂不邀请并呈毛泽东，毛泽东圈阅后退外交部。然而4月6日晚11时多，毛泽东服安眠药后昏昏欲睡却突然说：“打电话——王海容——美国队——访华！”毛泽东规定吃安眠药后讲话不算数，吴旭君故意说没听清，他又一字一句重复一遍。吴旭君还不放心，问吃安眠药后算不算数，他着急地说：“算！赶快办，来不及了！”
　　中美两国经历了铁血对抗，几十年后又从终点回到了起点。
　　中共和台湾也结束了敌对关系，也有了新的开端。
　　当年艾奇逊公开信说：“我们当时的政策是基于两个目的，一个目的是在政府能趋于稳定并沿着民主的途径进步的条件下，使中国得到和平；另一个目的是协助国民党政府尽可能在中国广大的地区上建立其权威。事实证明，第一个目的由于双方都不愿意它成功，以致是不能实现的。在中共方面，他们拒不接受将削弱他们一贯坚持的目的——全中国共产主义化——之自由的条件；在国民党方面，他们不顾美国军事代表的屡次忠告，仍然抱着武力摧毁共产党的幻想。”
　　我对未来国共两党、大陆与台湾和中国与美国的关系持乐观态度，恰如鲁迅的诗句：“历尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇。”

 

五

我正在对司徒雷登墓碑拍照，忽然发现小王师傅拿着采来的野花放到墓前，他也深深地鞠了一躬！
　　司徒雷登1962年9月19日因心脏病去世，终年86岁。其《最后遗嘱》说：“我指令将我的遗体火化，如有可能我的骨灰应安葬于中国北平燕京大学之墓地，与吾妻遗体为邻”。昔日燕大校园成了北大校园，有关方面多方查找，也没找到司徒雷登夫人艾琳的墓葬。
　　私人秘书傅泾波为司徒雷登魂归燕园而奔波，经中共中央书记处圈阅同意，1986年8月中国驻美使馆转北大公函，同意他以原燕京大学校长名义安葬临湖轩。大家认为墓碑设计加工需要一定时间，且隆冬将至，年老体衰的傅泾波不宜远行，定于次年5月4日举行仪式。不料风云突变，北大一些人坚决反对。1987年4月中国驻美使馆通知暂缓办理。1988年10月，傅泾波带着未竟心愿逝世。
　　傅泾波之子傅履仁继续为实现司徒雷登遗愿奔走。他是美国陆军第一位华裔少将，1995年退役后出任麦道公司北京总裁，他觉得自己是司徒雷登归葬中国的最后希望，因为司徒雷登已无直系亲属在世，其独生子已于上世纪80年代在密西西比的一个小城市去世。
　　傅履仁等人向克林顿总统访华先遣人员、美驻华使馆努力通融，美国驻华大使尚慕杰指派麦克海公使办理，多次与中国外交部商谈。1999年初北大也曾就司徒雷登归葬进行研究，原则同意低调进行，并将意见呈报中央，不料贝尔格莱德中国大使馆被炸，归葬也就没了下文。
　　2006年习近平率浙江省政府代表团访美，傅履仁在会谈中谈到司徒雷登归葬问题。不久傅履仁回访中国时，浙江省外事办主动提及此事，很快向傅履仁确认司徒雷登可以归葬杭州。
　　燕大校友会内部意见分歧，有人坚持归葬燕园。但经历了种种曲折的傅履仁态度明确：避免节外生枝！最终达成共识：葬于杭州是目前的最佳选择。2008年11月17日，司徒雷登在去世46年后，终于以燕京大学创始人的身份归葬于出生地。
　　归葬杭州既是司徒雷登的遗憾，更是现据燕大校园的北京大学的遗憾，北大应恢复兼容并包的光荣传统。胡锦涛2006年4月22日在美国耶鲁大学演讲说：“历史经验表明，在人类文明交流的过程中，不仅需要克服自然的屏障和隔阂，而且需要超越思想的障碍和束缚，更需要克服各种偏见，意识形态、社会制度、发展模式的差异，不应成为人类文明交流的障碍，更不能成为相互对抗的理由。”
　　安息吧，司徒雷登！我相信在不久的将来，中国可能会鼓励继续教会办学，甚至北大也有可能欢迎您魂归燕园，爱好和平的中国人民和美国人民都不会忘记您！

 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

黄景仁《别老母》英译

September 14, 2015, 7:27 am

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搴帷拜母河梁去，

白发愁看泪眼枯。

惨惨柴门风雪夜，

此时有子不如无。

 

Parting from My Old Mother

Huang Jingren

 

I leave my mother at the door for riverside,

I gaze at her white hair and tearful eyes now dried.

To have on snowy night a son not within call,

It is no better than to have no son at all.

 

（许渊冲 译）

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

秦大川英译：高翥（宋）《清明节对酒》（节选）

September 14, 2015, 10:52 am

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秦大川英译：高翥（宋）《清明节对酒》（节选）

 

南北山头多墓田，

清明祭扫各纷然。

纸灰飞作白蝴蝶，

泪血染成红杜鹃。

日落狐狸眠冢上，

夜归儿女笑灯前。

人生有酒须当醉，

一滴何曾到九泉。

 

第二段：

When night falls, foxes come to sleep on th' grave;

Children go home to enjoy laughs that life brings.

Grab your wine, drink and get high while you may.

Not a single drop runs to the Ninth Springs?

Note: "the Ninth Springs" is the Chinese way of saying "the nether world".

（秦大川 译）

附：（崔文凯 译本）

When the sun sets, foxes find their sleeping dens among these graves,

Return home at night, lament no more the sons and daughters.

Enjoy your wine and get intoxicated as long as you have your days,

Not a single drop you could taste after your life in the graves.（崔文凯 译）

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

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译者词汇量 (diphthongs, émigré, toque,  ...

September 14, 2015, 5:19 pm

≫ Next: 译者词汇量 (obdurate, staid, incumbrance, stringent,&nbs ...

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time
 (diphthongs, émigré, toque, tot, galore)

 

422. diphthongs

n. 双元音；复合元音（diphthong的复数）

Diphthongs: 双元音 | 复合元音 | 双母音

423. emigre['emigrei]

n. 流亡者；移居者（尤指因政治因素而移居外国者）

Emigre: 移居者 | 流亡者 | 逃亡者

424. toque [təʊk]

n. 羽饰丝绒帽，无边女帽

toque: 无边女帽 | 扭矩| 音乐

426. tot [tɒt]

n. 小孩；合计；少量;

vt. 合计;

vi. 总计;

n. (Tot)人名；(塞、荷、土)托特

427. galore [gə'lɔː]

...Had virtue in galore

/adv. 丰富地

adj. 丰富的；大量的

galore: 丰富地 | 丰盛| 丰富的


 (diphthongs, émigré, toque, tot, galore) 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

译者词汇量 (obdurate, staid, incumbrance, stringent,&nbs ...

September 14, 2015, 5:20 pm

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time

(obdurate, staid, incumbrance, stringent, nabi)

 

428. obdurate ['ɒbdjʊrət]

adj. 顽固的，执拗的；冷酷无情的

obdurate: 冷酷 | 冷酷无情的 | 顽固的

“obdurate conscience of the old sinner”(Sir Walter Scott)“这个老罪人毫无悔意”(沃尔特•斯科特爵士)

an obdurate miser.冷酷无情的吝啬鬼

He is obdurate in his convictions. 他执着于自己所坚信的事 [具有坚定的信仰]。

The judge did not know what to do with the obdurate criminal. 法官不知道如何对付这个顽固的罪犯。

He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.

429. staid [steɪd]

Had virtues deep and staid./adj. 固定的；沉着的；沉静的；古板的，保守的

staid: 认真的 | 沉静的 | 沉着的

436. incumbrance

free from incumbrances 免除所有负担或债项/Incumbrance: 财产抵押权|产权负担|负累权益

hamper hindrance impedient incumbrance trammel: 阻碍物

450. stringent['strɪn(d)ʒ(ə)nt]

Party A shall perform stringent quality checks on all products before shipment.甲方在产品出厂前对质量进行严格的质量合格检验

451. nabi ['nɑ:bi]

n. 伊斯兰教的先知

n. (Nabi)人名；(土、意、德、哈萨、乌兹、塔吉、吉尔、土库、阿塞、巴基、阿拉伯)纳比

Nabi: 彩蝶 | 鲇鱼 | 伊斯兰教的先知

(obdurate, staid, incumbrance, stringent, nabi) 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

译者词汇量 (nabob, nabs, nacarat, oaf, oakum)

September 14, 2015, 5:23 pm

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time
 (nabob, nabs, nacarat, oaf, oakum)

 

452. nabob ['neɪbɒb]

n. 地方长官（印度莫卧儿帝国时期）；富豪；在印度发财的欧洲人（等于nawab）

nabob: 印度长官 | 富豪| 在印度发财的欧洲人

A governor in India under the Mogul Empire.Alsocalled nawab

纳波布：莫卧儿帝国统治下的印度总督也作nawab

nabobery 财主去处

nabobess 女财主

nabobism 巨富

453. nabs [næbz]

n. 家伙；小伙子

nabs: 家伙 | 抗体 | 哥们

[sing., pl.] [俚]人,家伙

Well, my nabs, shall we get along?

那么, 伙伴们, 我们该走了吧?

454. nacarat['nækəræt]

n. 鲜艳的桔红色；胭脂红

nacarat: 鲜艳的桔红色 | 桔红色 | 胭脂红

455. oaf [əʊf]

n. 呆子；白痴；畸形儿/A person regarded as stupid or clumsy.

蠢人，笨人：被认为愚蠢笨拙的人

oafish 痴呆的

456. oakum ['əʊkəm]

n. 麻絮；填絮（用于填塞船缝等）

oakum: 麻絮 | 填絮| 麻絮丝

Loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated with tar, creosote, or asphalt, used chiefly for caulking seams in wooden ships and packing pipe joints.

麻絮，埋絮：疏松的大麻或黄麻纤维，有时涂上焦油、杂酚或沥青作保护层,主要用于木船上捻缝和填塞管子接头


 (nabob, nabs, nacarat, oaf, oakum) 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

译者词汇量 (Eucharist, oast, pabulum, pack animal,

September 14, 2015, 5:32 pm

≫ Next: 译者词汇量 (oakum, meiji restoration, staid, oast,

≪ Previous: 译者词汇量 (nabob, nabs, nacarat, oaf, oakum)

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time
(Eucharist, oast, pabulum, pack animal, pack)

 

421. Eucharist['ju:kərist]

n. 圣餐

a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine

457. oast [əʊst]

n. 干烘炉；干燥窑

oast: 干燥窑 | 干烘炉

A kiln for drying hops or malt or drying and curing tobacco.

烘炉：烘啤酒花或麦芽或烘烤加工烟草的干窑

458. pabulum['pæbjʊləm]

n. 食物，营养；精神食粮

pabulum: 精神食粮 | 食品| 食物

mental pabulum

精神食粮

“TV . . . gobbled up comedy material and spat it out as pabulum”(Ralph Corliss)

“电视…吞噬了喜剧材料，并把它们作为精神养料象雨点般地播放出来”(拉尔夫•科尔里斯)

b)柴;燃料

c)单调乏味的文章

459. pack animal

n. 驮兽（如马，骆驼等）

pack animal: 畜 | 驮畜| 畜(如马)

460. pack [pæk]

a pack of 一包；（野兽等的）一群；一盒

pack up 整理；把…打包

battery pack 电池组

pack in 停止

pack it in

Let's pack it in for the day.今天就到着吧。

pack with 塞进；挤进；塞满了东西；某地方挤满了人


(Eucharist, oast, pabulum, pack animal, pack) 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

译者词汇量 (oakum, meiji restoration, staid, oast,

September 14, 2015, 5:35 pm

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≪ Previous: 译者词汇量 (Eucharist, oast, pabulum, pack animal,

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time

 

 (oakum, meiji restoration, staid, oast, toque)

 

425. oakum ['əʊkəm]

n. 麻絮；填絮（用于填塞船缝等）

oakum: 麻絮 | 填絮| 麻絮丝

Loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated with tar, creosote, or asphalt, used chiefly for caulking seams in wooden ships and packing pipe joints.

麻絮，埋絮：疏松的大麻或黄麻纤维，有时涂上焦油、杂酚或沥青作保护层,主要用于木船上捻缝和填塞管子接头

430. Meiji Restoration

明治维新

Meiji Restoration: 明治维新 | 明治维新 | 明治时代

431. staid [steɪd]

...Had virtues deep and staid./adj. 固定的；沉着的；沉静的；古板的，保守的

staid: 认真的 | 沉静的 | 沉着的

432. oast [əʊst]

n. 干烘炉；干燥窑

oast: 干燥窑 | 干烘炉

A kiln for drying hops or malt or drying and curing tobacco.

烘炉：烘啤酒花或麦芽或烘烤加工烟草的干窑

434. toque [təʊk]

n. 羽饰丝绒帽，无边女帽

toque: 无边女帽 | 扭矩| 音乐


 (oakum, meiji restoration, staid, oast, toque) 

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

[转载]湖北特色家常菜：糍粑鱼

September 14, 2015, 6:25 pm

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原文地址：湖北特色家常菜：糍粑鱼作者：蕾拉的厨房

文/摄影 蕾拉

虽然在武汉生活多年，要说湖北有哪些如雷贯耳的大菜，一时半会儿却想不起来很多。不过一些乡土菜却让人印象深刻。比如这道糍粑鱼，几乎武汉人，乃至湖北地区家家都会做的一道菜。

原来在公司和同事讨论做菜的时候，还特别聊过怎么做糍粑鱼不粘锅。其实也没什么特别的，很平凡，平凡到几乎不会拿出待客的一道菜。却充满亲切感，简单到不行的家常味儿，一盘鱼，一瓶啤酒，看看球赛吃着玩儿，一会儿就吃完了。

FOOD&COOK

本期分享 湖北特色家常菜

糍粑鱼

食材 INGREDIENT

【主料】

草鱼（或鳙鱼）一条

【辅料】

生姜、小葱、花椒、干辣椒

【调料】

盐、黑胡椒粉、酱油（生抽、老抽）、料酒、醋、糖

【用具】

重物（随意）、炒锅

做法 COOKING

1、草鱼或鳙鱼去鳞去腮去肠。

洗净后切成糍粑大小的鱼块。

接着在鱼块中放入盐、黑胡椒粉、干辣椒、花椒、葱段抓匀。

▼

2、鱼块上放一个盘子，再用重物压住，石头比较好。

我这里用的是个大的陀螺。

码味的鱼块压紧后用保鲜膜包好放在冰箱冷藏腌制过夜最好，

没时间的话，至少腌制2个小时。

被重物压住，再加上盐的作用，鱼肉就会紧实成蒜瓣肉。

这也是糍粑鱼如糍粑般口感的原因。

▼

3、腌制好的鱼块，用厨房用纸吸干水分后。

夹走码味用的干辣椒、花椒、葱段下油锅中小火煎。

▼

4、煎鱼的油不能太少，煎的时候不要频繁的翻动，

用锅铲压着煎，把鱼块的几面都煎成金黄色。

▼

5、鱼煎好后另起锅放少量油，爆香姜末、花椒粒、干辣椒段。

▼

6、倒入煎好的鱼块，放酱油、料酒，一点点醋和糖、黑胡椒调味。

加一点点水。盖上锅盖中火收汁就可以了。

▼

这就是糍粑鱼，湖北特色家常菜。

▼

❤小提示：

1、腌制的过程最好有重物压着。

2、因为后期烹饪也会用到盐和酱油，所以建议腌的时候不要放过多的盐。

更多精彩内容，可添加我的

微信订阅号：wanweimeixue（顽味堂）

或新浪微博：蕾拉的厨房

蕾拉微信：reiraprincess

感谢支持和尊重原创，本篇内容来自微信订阅号【顽味堂】，授权转载及合作请与【顽味堂】微信后台联系，未经授权不得以任何形式使用，谢谢。

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

[转载]康雍魏楷书法欣赏《桃花源记》

September 14, 2015, 6:26 pm

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原文地址：康雍魏楷书法欣赏《桃花源记》作者：杨浦_平凉

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

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李冶《从萧叔子听弹琴，赋得三峡流泉歌》英译

September 14, 2015, 7:14 pm

≫ Next: [转载]惠特曼《大路之歌》

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妾家本住巫山云，巫山流泉常自闻。

玉琴弹出转寥夐，直是当时梦里听。

三峡迢迢几千里，一时流入幽闺里。

巨石崩崖指下生，飞泉走浪弦中起。

初疑愤怒含雷风，又似呜咽流不通。

回湍曲濑势将尽，时复滴沥平沙中。

忆昔阮公为此曲，能令仲容听不足。

一弹既罢复一弹，愿作流泉镇相续。

 

A Song Written on the Topic “Streams Flowing down in the Three Gorges” 

Li Ye

 

My home used to be up there

in Wu Mountain’s clouds,

Where streams flowing from the mountain

always can be heard.

As the jade zither plays these sounds,

they grow more sharp and clear,

Just as they were in days of yore

when heard within a dream.

The Three Gorges are far away,

many thousands of miles,

But all at once they come flowing

into my secluded chambers.

Huge boulders crash down cliffs,

audible under his fingers,

Waterfalls and rushing waves

rise from in the strings.

It seems at first some bursting rage,

thundering gales within,

Then as if choked with sobbing sounds

some current can’t get through.

When force of winding rapids

and whirlpools runs its course,

The liquid notes fall drop by drop

upon the level sand.

I recall how long ago

Ruan Xian composed this tune

This could make even him

ever hear his fill.

You’ve played it once and finished,

now play it once again,

I want those flowing streams

to continue forever.

 

（Stephen Owen 译）

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密

[转载]惠特曼《大路之歌》

September 17, 2015, 5:26 pm

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原文地址：惠特曼《大路之歌》作者：乐其可知也

Walt Whitman (1819–1892).  Leaves of Grass.  1900. 

Song of the Open Road 

1

AFOOT and light-hearted, I take to the open road,  

Healthy, free, the world before me,  

The long brown path before me, leading wherever I choose.  

  

Henceforth I ask not good-fortune—I myself am good fortune;  

Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,         5

Strong and content, I travel the open road.  

  

The earth—that is sufficient;  

I do not want the constellations any nearer;  

I know they are very well where they are;  

I know they suffice for those who belong to them.  10

  

(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens;  

I carry them, men and women—I carry them with me wherever I go;  

I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them;  

I am fill’d with them, and I will fill them in return.)  

  

2

You road I enter upon and look around! I believe you are not all that is here;  15

I believe that much unseen is also here.  

  

Here the profound lesson of reception, neither preference or denial;  

The black with his woolly head, the felon, the diseas’d, the illiterate person, are not denied;  

The birth, the hasting after the physician, the beggar’s tramp, the drunkard’s stagger, the laughing party of mechanics,  

The escaped youth, the rich person’s carriage, the fop, the eloping couple,  20

The early market-man, the hearse, the moving of furniture into the town, the return back from the town,  

They pass—I also pass—anything passes—none can be interdicted;  

None but are accepted—none but are dear to me.  

  

3

You air that serves me with breath to speak!  

You objects that call from diffusion my meanings, and give them shape!  25

You light that wraps me and all things in delicate equable showers!  

You paths worn in the irregular hollows by the roadsides!  

I think you are latent with unseen existences—you are so dear to me.  

  

You flagg’d walks of the cities! you strong curbs at the edges!  

You ferries! you planks and posts of wharves! you timber-lined sides! you distant ships!  30

You rows of houses! you window-pierc’d façades! you roofs!  

You porches and entrances! you copings and iron guards!  

You windows whose transparent shells might expose so much!  

You doors and ascending steps! you arches!  

You gray stones of interminable pavements! you trodden crossings!  35

From all that has been near you, I believe you have imparted to yourselves, and now would impart the same secretly to me;  

From the living and the dead I think you have peopled your impassive surfaces, and the spirits thereof would be evident and amicable with me.  

  

4

The earth expanding right hand and left hand,  

The picture alive, every part in its best light,  

The music falling in where it is wanted, and stopping where it is not wanted,  40

The cheerful voice of the public road—the gay fresh sentiment of the road.  

  

O highway I travel! O public road! do you say to me, Do not leave me?  

Do you say, Venture not? If you leave me, you are lost?  

Do you say, I am already prepared—I am well-beaten and undenied—adhere to me?  

  

O public road! I say back, I am not afraid to leave you—yet I love you;  45

You express me better than I can express myself;  

You shall be more to me than my poem.  

  

I think heroic deeds were all conceiv’d in the open air, and all great poems also;  

I think I could stop here myself, and do miracles;  

(My judgments, thoughts, I henceforth try by the open air, the road;)  50

I think whatever I shall meet on the road I shall like, and whoever beholds me shall like me;  

I think whoever I see must be happy.  

  

5

From this hour, freedom!  

From this hour I ordain myself loos’d of limits and imaginary lines,  

Going where I list, my own master, total and absolute,  55

Listening to others, and considering well what they say,  

Pausing, searching, receiving, contemplating,  

Gently, but with undeniable will, divesting myself of the holds that would hold me.  

  

I inhale great draughts of space;  

The east and the west are mine, and the north and the south are mine.  60

  

I am larger, better than I thought;  

I did not know I held so much goodness.  

  

All seems beautiful to me;  

I can repeat over to men and women, You have done such good to me, I would do the same to you.  

  

I will recruit for myself and you as I go;  65

I will scatter myself among men and women as I go;  

I will toss the new gladness and roughness among them;  

Whoever denies me, it shall not trouble me;  

Whoever accepts me, he or she shall be blessed, and shall bless me.  

  

6

Now if a thousand perfect men were to appear, it would not amaze me;  70

Now if a thousand beautiful forms of women appear’d, it would not astonish me.  

  

Now I see the secret of the making of the best persons,  

It is to grow in the open air, and to eat and sleep with the earth.  

  

Here a great personal deed has room;  

A great deed seizes upon the hearts of the whole race of men,  75

Its effusion of strength and will overwhelms law, and mocks all authority and all argument against it.  

  

Here is the test of wisdom;  

Wisdom is not finally tested in schools;  

Wisdom cannot be pass’d from one having it, to another not having it;  

Wisdom is of the Soul, is not susceptible of proof, is its own proof,  80

Applies to all stages and objects and qualities, and is content,  

Is the certainty of the reality and immortality of things, and the excellence of things;  

Something there is in the float of the sight of things that provokes it out of the Soul.  

  

Now I reëxamine philosophies and religions,  

They may prove well in lecture-rooms, yet not prove at all under the spacious clouds, and along the landscape and flowing currents.  85

  

Here is realization;  

Here is a man tallied—he realizes here what he has in him;  

The past, the future, majesty, love—if they are vacant of you, you are vacant of them.  

  

Only the kernel of every object nourishes;  

Where is he who tears off the husks for you and me?  90

Where is he that undoes stratagems and envelopes for you and me?  

  

Here is adhesiveness—it is not previously fashion’d—it is apropos;  

Do you know what it is, as you pass, to be loved by strangers?  

Do you know the talk of those turning eye-balls?  

  

7

Here is the efflux of the Soul;  95

The efflux of the Soul comes from within, through embower’d gates, ever provoking questions:  

These yearnings, why are they? These thoughts in the darkness, why are they?  

Why are there men and women that while they are nigh me, the sun-light expands my blood?  

Why, when they leave me, do my pennants of joy sink flat and lank?  

Why are there trees I never walk under, but large and melodious thoughts descend upon me? 100

(I think they hang there winter and summer on those trees, and always drop fruit as I pass;)  

What is it I interchange so suddenly with strangers?  

What with some driver, as I ride on the seat by his side?  

What with some fisherman, drawing his seine by the shore, as I walk by, and pause?  

What gives me to be free to a woman’s or man’s good-will? What gives them to be free to mine? 105

  

8

The efflux of the Soul is happiness—here is happiness;  

I think it pervades the open air, waiting at all times;  

Now it flows unto us—we are rightly charged.  

  

Here rises the fluid and attaching character;  

The fluid and attaching character is the freshness and sweetness of man and woman; 110

(The herbs of the morning sprout no fresher and sweeter every day out of the roots of themselves, than it sprouts fresh and sweet continually out of itself.)  

  

Toward the fluid and attaching character exudes the sweat of the love of young and old;  

From it falls distill’d the charm that mocks beauty and attainments;  

Toward it heaves the shuddering longing ache of contact.  

  

9

Allons! whoever you are, come travel with me! 115

Traveling with me, you find what never tires.  

  

The earth never tires;  

The earth is rude, silent, incomprehensible at first—Nature is rude and incomprehensible at first;  

Be not discouraged—keep on—there are divine things, well envelop’d;  

I swear to you there are divine things more beautiful than words can tell. 120

  

Allons! we must not stop here!  

However sweet these laid-up stores—however convenient this dwelling, we cannot remain here;  

However shelter’d this port, and however calm these waters, we must not anchor here;  

However welcome the hospitality that surrounds us, we are permitted to receive it but a little while.  

  

10

Allons! the inducements shall be greater; 125

We will sail pathless and wild seas;  

We will go where winds blow, waves dash, and the Yankee clipper speeds by under full sail.  

  

Allons! with power, liberty, the earth, the elements!  

Health, defiance, gayety, self-esteem, curiosity;  

Allons! from all formules! 130

From your formules, O bat-eyed and materialistic priests!  

  

The stale cadaver blocks up the passage—the burial waits no longer.  

  

Allons! yet take warning!  

He traveling with me needs the best blood, thews, endurance;  

None may come to the trial, till he or she bring courage and health. 135

  

Come not here if you have already spent the best of yourself;  

Only those may come, who come in sweet and determin’d bodies;  

No diseas’d person—no rum-drinker or venereal taint is permitted here.  

  

I and mine do not convince by arguments, similes, rhymes;  

We convince by our presence. 140

  

11

Listen! I will be honest with you;  

I do not offer the old smooth prizes, but offer rough new prizes;  

These are the days that must happen to you:  

  

You shall not heap up what is call’d riches,  

You shall scatter with lavish hand all that you earn or achieve, 145

You but arrive at the city to which you were destin’d—you hardly settle yourself to satisfaction, before you are call’d by an irresistible call to depart,  

You shall be treated to the ironical smiles and mockings of those who remain behind you;  

What beckonings of love you receive, you shall only answer with passionate kisses of parting,  

You shall not allow the hold of those who spread their reach’d hands toward you.  

  

12

Allons! after the GREAT COMPANIONS! and to belong to them! 150

They too are on the road! they are the swift and majestic men; they are the greatest women.  

Over that which hinder’d them—over that which retarded—passing impediments large or small,  

Committers of crimes, committers of many beautiful virtues,  

Enjoyers of calms of seas, and storms of seas,  

Sailors of many a ship, walkers of many a mile of land, 155

Habitués of many distant countries, habitués of far-distant dwellings,  

Trusters of men and women, observers of cities, solitary toilers,  

Pausers and contemplators of tufts, blossoms, shells of the shore,  

Dancers at wedding-dances, kissers of brides, tender helpers of children, bearers of children,  

Soldiers of revolts, standers by gaping graves, lowerers down of coffins, 160

Journeyers over consecutive seasons, over the years—the curious years, each emerging from that which preceded it,  

Journeyers as with companions, namely, their own diverse phases,  

Forth-steppers from the latent unrealized baby-days,  

Journeyers gayly with their own youth—Journeyers with their bearded and well-grain’d manhood,  

Journeyers with their womanhood, ample, unsurpass’d, content, 165

Journeyers with their own sublime old age of manhood or womanhood,  

Old age, calm, expanded, broad with the haughty breadth of the universe,  

Old age, flowing free with the delicious near-by freedom of death.  

  

13

Allons! to that which is endless, as it was beginningless,  

To undergo much, tramps of days, rests of nights, 170

To merge all in the travel they tend to, and the days and nights they tend to,  

Again to merge them in the start of superior journeys;  

To see nothing anywhere but what you may reach it and pass it,  

To conceive no time, however distant, but what you may reach it and pass it,  

To look up or down no road but it stretches and waits for you—however long, but it stretches and waits for you; 175

To see no being, not God’s or any, but you also go thither,  

To see no possession but you may possess it—enjoying all without labor or purchase—abstracting the feast, yet not abstracting one particle of it;  

To take the best of the farmer’s farm and the rich man’s elegant villa, and the chaste blessings of the well-married couple, and the fruits of orchards and flowers of gardens,  

To take to your use out of the compact cities as you pass through,  

To carry buildings and streets with you afterward wherever you go, 180

To gather the minds of men out of their brains as you encounter them—to gather the love out of their hearts,  

To take your lovers on the road with you, for all that you leave them behind you,  

To know the universe itself as a road—as many roads—as roads for traveling souls.  

  

14

The Soul travels;  

The body does not travel as much as the soul; 185

The body has just as great a work as the soul, and parts away at last for the journeys of the soul.  

  

All parts away for the progress of souls;  

All religion, all solid things, arts, governments,—all that was or is apparent upon this globe or any globe, falls into niches and corners before the procession of Souls along the grand roads of the universe.  

  

Of the progress of the souls of men and women along the grand roads of the universe, all other progress is the needed emblem and sustenance.  

  

Forever alive, forever forward, 190

Stately, solemn, sad, withdrawn, baffled, mad, turbulent, feeble, dissatisfied,  

Desperate, proud, fond, sick, accepted by men, rejected by men,  

They go! they go! I know that they go, but I know not where they go;  

But I know that they go toward the best—toward something great.  

  

15

Allons! whoever you are! come forth! 195

You must not stay sleeping and dallying there in the house, though you built it, or though it has been built for you.  

  

Allons! out of the dark confinement!  

It is useless to protest—I know all, and expose it.  

  

Behold, through you as bad as the rest,  

Through the laughter, dancing, dining, supping, of people, 200

Inside of dresses and ornaments, inside of those wash’d and trimm’d faces,  

Behold a secret silent loathing and despair.  

  

No husband, no wife, no friend, trusted to hear the confession;  

Another self, a duplicate of every one, skulking and hiding it goes,  

Formless and wordless through the streets of the cities, polite and bland in the parlors, 205

In the cars of rail-roads, in steamboats, in the public assembly,  

Home to the houses of men and women, at the table, in the bed-room, everywhere,  

Smartly attired, countenance smiling, form upright, death under the breast-bones, hell under the skull-bones,  

Under the broadcloth and gloves, under the ribbons and artificial flowers,  

Keeping fair with the customs, speaking not a syllable of itself, 210

Speaking of anything else, but never of itself.  

  

16

Allons! through struggles and wars!  

The goal that was named cannot be countermanded.  

  

Have the past struggles succeeded?  

What has succeeded? yourself? your nation? nature? 215

Now understand me well—It is provided in the essence of things, that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary.  

  

My call is the call of battle—I nourish active rebellion;  

He going with me must go well arm’d;  

He going with me goes often with spare diet, poverty, angry enemies, desertions.  

  

17

Allons! the road is before us! 220

It is safe—I have tried it—my own feet have tried it well.  

  

Allons! be not detain’d!  

Let the paper remain on the desk unwritten, and the book on the shelf unopen’d!  

Let the tools remain in the workshop! let the money remain unearn’d!  

Let the school stand! mind not the cry of the teacher! 225

Let the preacher preach in his pulpit! let the lawyer plead in the court, and the judge expound the law.  

  

Mon enfant! I give you my hand!  

I give you my love, more precious than money,  

I give you myself, before preaching or law;  

Will you give me yourself? will you come travel with me? 230

Shall we stick by each other as long as we live?

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[转载]【荷兰】马斯特里赫特 原来欧元是从这里走来

September 17, 2015, 5:42 pm

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原文地址：【荷兰】马斯特里赫特 原来欧元是从这里走来作者：惠子

马斯特里赫特，一座了不起的城市。不仅有着优雅的气质、典雅的秀美，它还是一座拥有传奇故事的城市。《马斯特里赫特条约》为欧共体建立起了欧洲政治联盟、经济联盟、货币联盟的基础，欧元也就是从这里诞生！ 

 

和其他欧洲老城一样，马斯特里赫特有着宏伟的教堂、坚实的城墙、古老的建筑，但它又有着与众不同的特有气息和文化底蕴，可以说马斯特里赫特是最不像荷兰的城市。马斯特里赫特位于荷兰的东南部，近邻德国和比利时，是荷兰的一座边陲老城，所以它有着德国的元素、有着比利时的影响，也离不开荷兰本土的文化。更为重要的是在1992年的2月7日，欧盟在这里签证的著名的《马斯特里赫特条约》，一时间这座老城便是名声大噪。

 

在马斯特里赫特圣扬教堂的这座高达70米的红色钟楼是这座城市的地标，据说它的红色外墙是红牛血染红的，感觉有点血腥。城市中心广场上的圣塞尔法斯教堂和圣扬教堂就是这座城市的精神源泉，右面的圣塞尔法斯教堂是荷兰最古老的教堂，始建于公元6世纪；左边的圣扬教堂虽说没有圣塞尔法斯教堂来的气派，但红色的塔楼就是全城的标志。

 

 

 

 

 

马斯特里赫特的市政厅大楼，灰色的建筑显得低调而庄重。 

 

 

充满着浓郁文化气息的天堂书店，不仅是当地人的最爱，也吸引了无数的观光客来到在这里感受一下天堂书店的文化氛围，得到这里的文化熏陶。






虽说马斯特里赫特是座古老的城市，但街道两旁的现代商业同样是相当的热闹。咖啡馆、餐厅、售卖当地特色的还有名牌的商店琳琅满目，真是让人流连忘返。




马斯特里赫特有座天堂书店，还有一座地狱之门，有点恐惧，那是由于当时的黑死病泛滥，就将得到病的送往城墙外作隔离，因此而称为地狱之门。


如今，沐浴在阳光下的地狱之门称为了游人的观光景点。

 

 

 

 

 

 



马斯河（Maas河）贯穿马斯特里赫特南北，把整个城市分为东西两半。在马斯河上有著名的圣塞尔法斯大桥，据说是荷兰最为古老的大桥，同样也有较为现代的斜拉索桥。

 

 

 

 

 

圣彼得堡洞窟是马斯特里赫特一个著名的景点，以前马斯特里赫特人为取这里的Marl岩石作为建材，便在圣彼得堡上里进行挖掘，在挖掘中工人们在洞窟壁上作的画作成为了现在参观的主要内容。

 

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time

(badge, badger, caballero, daft, back)

 

539. badge [bædʒ]

vt. 授给…徽章

n. 徽章；证章；标记

Badge: 徽章 | 标记| 标志

A device or emblem worn as an insignia of rank,office, or membership in an organization.

徽章：一种作为军衔、官衔或某一组织中会员的标志而佩带的图案或符号

540. badger['bædʒə]

Any of several carnivorous, burrowing mammals of the family Mustelidae, such as meles of Eurasia or Taxidea taxus of North America,having short legs, long claws on the front feet, and a heavy, grizzled coat.

獾：任何一种鼬科食肉类，善打洞的哺乳动物，如欧亚大陆的獾 或北美的 北美獾 ，短腿，前脚上有长爪，有很厚的灰色皮毛

badger-legged 两腿长短不一的

badger with 纠缠

badger baiting 耍獾游戏

badger game 美人计

badger hat腐败分子,变质分子

541. caballero[,kæbə'ljeərəʊ]

n. 骑手，骑师；（西班牙）绅士；（贵）妇人的护卫或陪伴

n. (Caballero)人名；(法)卡巴莱罗；(西)卡瓦列罗

Caballero: 骑士牌汽车 | 绅士| 卡瓦列罗

542. daft [dɑːft]

adj. 癫狂的；愚笨的；狂闹的

n. (Daft)人名；(英)达夫特

daft: 愚蠢的 | 愚笨的 | 傻的

Some of the suggested solutions to the problem were unusual -- others were just plain daft.

It's daft to play football in the rain!冒雨踢足球可真太傻了！

Go daft 变成癫狂,发狂

DAFT =Digital Analog Function Table 数字模拟函数表

543. back [bæk]

backdrop 背景

backcloth 背景幕

backcourt 距门最远处

backdoor 秘密的

backfence 邻居间的

backfielder 后卫

backfill 装填

backfire 逆火

backfisch 年轻少女

backflow 逆流


 (badge, badger, caballero, daft, back)

 

(中西交流网http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/2811577355 辑)

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September 17, 2015, 5:50 pm

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翻译更要懂得快速温习 -- Five Words At A Time

(vaudeville,diddly-aquat, hum-dinger, molasses, incriminate)

 

544. vaudeville['vɔːdəvɪl; 'vəʊd-]

n. 杂耍；轻歌舞剧；歌舞杂耍表演;

n. (Vaudeville)人名；(法)沃德维尔

545.diddly-aquat

不值钱的东西

546. hum-dinger

（俚）非同寻常的事物

547. molasses [mə'læsɪz]

n. 糖蜜，糖浆

molasses: 糖蜜 | 黑蔗糖浆 | 糖浆

A thick syrup produced in refining raw sugar and ranging from light to dark brown in color.

废糖蜜：提炼粗糖过程中产生的，颜色从淡到深褐色的一种粘性糖桨

548. incriminate[ɪn'krɪmɪneɪt]

vt. 控告；暗示...有罪

incriminate: 控告 | 使负罪 | 连累

In his confession the thief incriminated two others who helped him steal.

这个盗窃犯在供词中牵连了另外两个协助他偷窃的人。

He incriminated the thief to the judge.

他向法官控告了那个偷窃的人。

 (vaudeville,diddly-aquat, hum-dinger, molasses, incriminate)

 

(中西交流网http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/2811577355 辑)

 青春就应该这样绽放  游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！  你不得不信的星座秘密