

加拿大——世界最好免费体制之一
加拿大的全民免费医疗保健体制也被视为世界上最好体制之一。其资金主要来源于税收,联邦政府直接向各省、区划拨部分经费,剩下的由各省、区分担。加政府在医疗卫生上的投入占GDP10%左右,家庭医生平均年薪约20万美元。
印度——宪法规定国民看病免费
印度宪法中明确规定,所有国民都享受免费医疗。到公立医院看病,药费、挂号费、检查费、就诊费甚至营养餐都免费。但由于政府对医疗拨款有限,公立医院常供不应求。这导致大批国民转向私人医院。
古巴——GDP有一成用于免费医疗
古巴实行真正意义上的免费医疗,门诊、住院、买药均不需花钱。古巴政府医疗投入占GDP10%左右。在医院,从体检、到核磁共振等全部免费。手术费用、医药费以及住院费也全免。不过,外国人在这里享受不到免费待遇。
巴西——富裕阶层多选收费医疗
从1988年实行“统一医疗体系”,为全体国民提供免费医疗服务。2011年巴西在医疗卫生领域投入占GDP8.9%。国民挂号、看病、拿药、化验及手术全免费。不过,由于公立医院排长龙,经济条件好的人会自掏腰包到私立医院看病。
伊丽莎白一世曾写信给中国万历皇帝,希望中国皇帝考虑发展中英贸易。不过,特使在出使时发生了不幸,船在开往中国的路上遇到了风暴,这封信始终没有送到。那封沉入大西洋海底的信件于1978年被打捞上来,后来由英国贸易大臣亲手交给了中国的外贸部长。
ELIZABETH BY THE GRACE OF GOD QUEEN of England, France and Ireland Defendor of the faith ets. To the great, mighty, and Invincible Emperour of Cathaia. greeting.
Wee haue receaued Dyuers, and sundry relac~ons both by our owne Subiects, and by others, whoe haue visited some parts of your Ma.ts Empire, and Dominions, wherby they haue reported unto us as well your Inuincible greatness, as your kind vsage of Strangers, that resorte unto yo~r Kingdomes with trade of merchandise, w~ch hath wrought in us a desire, to fynd oute some neerer waye of passage by Seas from us, into your cuntrey, then the usuall frequented course that hitherto hath byn houlden by compassing the greatest part of the world, By which neerer passage, not only opportunity of entercourse of traffique of merchandize may be offred between ye Subiects of both or Kingdomes, but also a mutuall league, and amity may growe, and be continued, between yor Mats and us, or Cuntries, and Dominions being in their distance of scituations, not so farr remote, or severed, as they are estranged, and unknowen the one to the other, by reason of the long and tedious course of Navigacon hitherto used – from theis party unto yor . To which ende wee have heretofore many yeares past, and at sundry tymes synce made choice of some of or Subiects, being a people by nature enclyned to great attempts, and to the discouery of Contries, and Kingdomes unknowen and sett them in hand wth the fynding out of some neerer passage by Seas into yor Mats Contries, through the North. Or East parts of the World, wherin hitherto not preuayling, but some of their Ships neuer returning back agayne, nor being heard of synce their departure hence, & some of them retourning back agayne being hindered in their entended voyage by the frozen Seas, and intolerable cold of those Clymayes; wee haue yet once more of or earnest desire to try the uttermost yt may be done to pforme at length a neerer discouery of yor Contrye, prepared and sett fourth two small Shipps under ye direction of our Subiect & Seruant George Waymouth being ye principall Pylott of this present voyage, a man for his knowledge & Experience in navigacon, specially chosen by us to this attempte, Whom if it shall please god so to prosper in his passage, yt either he, or any of his company shall aryue in any port of your Kingdome, wee pray yor Matie in fauor of us, who haue soe desired ye attaining this meanes of accesse unto you, & in regard of an enyerprize pformed by hym, & his company wth so great difficulty, & danger, yt you will use them wth that regard yt may gyue them encouragemt to make this their newe discouered passage, wch hitherto hath not byn frequented, or knowne by any to become a usuall frequented trade from theis pts of ye world to yor Matie . By wch meanes yor contry may hereafter be serued wth the natyue comodityes of theis parts of speciall seruice, & use both for yor Matie and Subiects and by returne, and enterchange of your contrey comodities, wee & our Subiects may be furnished wth thinges of lyke seruice and use out of wch mutuall benefit amity, and frendshipe may growe, and be established between us, wch wee for our part will not lett hereby to offer unto you for the honorable report wch we haue heard of yor Matie and because in yis first discouery of the waye to yor contrey, it 3 seemed to us not convenient to ymploy Shipps of that burthen wch might bring them any great quantity of or natyue comodities wherby they might be pestered, wee had resolue to use small shipps as fittest for an unkowen passage, laden for ye most part wth such necessaries, as were of use for their discouery,. It may please yor Matie by the pticukers of such things, as are brought in theis shipps to understand yt of goods of those kyndes, or kingdome is able to furnish yor Matie most amply & also of sundry other kynds of merchandize of like use, wherof it may please yor Matie to be more pticulerly enformed by the said George waymuth, & his company, of all wch upon signifcaco unto us by yor Matie Lres (Ed. = Largesse?) to be returned by or said Subiect, your visiting of yor Kingdomes wth our shipps, & merchandize shalbe acceptable, & kindly receiued, wee will in the next fleet, wch wee shall send unto you, make it more fully appeare what use, & beneftt, or amity, & entercourse may bring yor Matie & contre. And in the meane tyme do commend yor Matie to the protection of the Eternall God, whose providence guideth, and pserueth all Kinges, and Kingdomes,. From our Royall Pallace of Greenwiche the fourthe of May ano Dni 1602 and of or Raigne 44
Elizabeth R
Modern English version [by Teri Taylor]:
Elizabeth, by the grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith to the great, mighty and invincible Emperor of Cathay, greetings.
We have received divers and sundry reports both by our own subjects and others, who have visited some parts of your Majesty’s empire. They have told us of your greatness and your kind usage of strangers, who come to your kingdom with merchandise to trade.
This has encouraged us to find a shorter route by sea from us to your country than the usual course that involves encompassing the greatest part of the world.
This nearer passage may provide opportunity for trade between the subjects of both our countries and also amity may grow between us, due to the navigation of a closer route.
With this in mind, we have many times in the past encouraged some of our pioneering subjects to find this nearer passage through the north. Some of their ships didn’t return again and nothing was ever heard of them, presumably because of frozen seas and intolerable cold.
However, we wish to try again and have prepared and set forth two small ships under the direction of our subject, George Waymouth, employed as principal pilot for his knowledge and experience in navigation.
We hope your Majesty will look kindly on them and give them encouragement to make this new discovered passage, which hitherto has not be frequented or known as a usual trade route.
By this means our countries can exchange commodities for our mutual benefit and as a result, friendship may grow. 4
We decided for this first passage not to burden your Majesty with great quantities of commodities as the ships were venturing on a previously unknown route and would need such necessities as required for their discovery.
It may please your Majesty to observe, on the ships, samples available from our country of many diverse materials, which we can supply most amply and may it please your Majesty to enquire of the said George Waymouth what could be supplied by the next fleet.
In the meantime, we commend your Majesty to the protection of the Eternal God, who providence guides and supports all kings and kingdoms. From our Royal Palace of Greenwich, the fourth of May anno Domini, 1602, and the 44th year of our reign.
Elizabeth R
BBC杂志发表了一篇关于美式英语入侵英国的文章,引起了很多英国人的共鸣。读者纷纷发来电子邮件,说出最困扰自己、最让自己恼火的美式英语表达。此前我们已经给大家带来了BBC精选的各种英国人对美式英语的吐槽,在此来做个汇总,让你更清晰地看到英英与美英间的不同!
中文 |
英式 |
美式 |
1. 我想要一个…… |
May I have a... |
Can I get a... |
2. 最佳选择 |
the best option |
least worst option |
3. 两倍,三倍 |
double, triple |
two-time, three-time |
4. 整天,每天 |
all day, every day |
24/7 |
5. 下飞机 |
deplane |
|
6. 等待 |
wait for |
wait on |
7. 腰包 |
bum bag/hip pack |
fanny pack |
8. 联系 |
meet/talk to |
touch base |
9. 物质性 |
the physical nature of |
physicality |
10. 交通工具 |
transport |
transportation |
11. 过20岁生日 |
celebrate the 20th birthday |
turn 20 |
12. 购物手推车 |
shopping trolley |
shopping cart |
13. get的过去分词 |
got |
gotten |
14. 我很好。 |
I'm well. |
I'm good. |
15. 刘海 |
fringe |
bangs |
16. 外卖 |
takeaway |
take-out |
17. 荒谬 |
ridiculousness |
ridiculosity |
18. 半小时 |
half an hour |
a half hour |
19. 提醒 |
give notice/inform |
heads up |
20. 火车站 |
railway station |
train station |
21. 按照字母顺序排 |
to put a list into alphabetical order |
to alphabetize it |
22. 我错了。 |
I'm sorry for my mistake. |
my bad |
23. 正常状态 |
normality |
|
24. 盗窃 |
burglarize |
|
25. 经常 |
often |
oftentimes |
26. 饭店 |
restaurant |
|
27. 两周 |
fortnightly |
biweekly |
28. 候选人,替代人 |
alternative |
alternate |
29. 提高价格 |
increase a price |
hike a price |
30. 今后 |
in future |
going forward |
31. 150万 |
one and a half million |
a million and a half |
32. 询问 |
ask |
reach out to |
33. 你来算。 |
You do the maths. |
You do the math. |
34. 中杯咖啡 |
a medium sized coffee |
a regular coffee |
35. 截止,满期 |
expiration |
|
36. 苏格兰-爱尔兰后裔 |
Scot-Irish |
Scotch-Irish |
37. 这会让你得到教训的。 |
That'll teach you. |
That'll learn you. |
38. 它在哪儿? |
Where is it? |
Where's it at? |
39. 句号 |
full stop |
period |
40. 最大赢家 |
the best/most successful |
the winningest |
41. 问题 |
problem |
issue |
42. 赢得奖牌 |
to win a medal |
to medal |
43. 我免费拿到的。 |
I got it free. |
I got it for free. |
44. 现在 |
now |
already |
45. 我最关心。 |
I couldn't care less. |
I could care less. |
还有一句美式英语:It is what it is.(该是什么就是什么。)美剧中经常出现,那么它的英式表达呢?There is no British way of saying this… it means nothing! 好吧,英国人觉得这个说法毫无意义!
BBC杂志发表了一篇关于美式英语入侵英国的文章,引起了很多英国人的共鸣。读者纷纷发来电子邮件,说出最困扰自己、最让自己恼火的美式英语表达。BBC精选了50条,我们先看看前25条吧。
1. When people ask for something, I often hear: "Can I get a..." It infuriates me. It's not New York. It's not the 90s. You're not in Central Perk with the rest of the Friends. Really."
1. 当某些人想要什么东西时,我经常听到他们说:“Can I get a...(我能要一个……)”这让我大为恼火。这里又不是纽约,又不是90年代,你以为你是在Central Perk里演《老友记》啊,真是的!
2. The next time someone tells you something is the "least worst option", tell them that their most best option is learning grammar.
2. 下次要是有人跟你讲XXX是the “least worst option”(最好选择),你就告诉他们对于他们来说最最最好的选择是滚回去学语法。
3. The phrase I've watched seep into the language (especially with broadcasters) is "two-time" and "three-time". Have the words double, triple etc, been totally lost? Grammatically it makes no sense, and is even worse when spoken. My pulse rises every time I hear or see it. Which is not healthy as it's almost every day now. Argh!
3. 我经历过的渐渐渗入到英语里的短语(特别是播音员使用的)是“two-time(两次)”和“three -time(三次)"。难道double啊triple啊什么的都彻底消失了么?从语法上来说,这根本构不成短语,而且用在口语中更糟糕。每次听到或者看到它我就心跳加速。这对我的健康造成了威胁,因为基本每天都要经历这些。我去!
4. Using 24/7 rather than "24 hours, 7 days a week" or even just plain "all day, every day".
4. 使用24/7来表达“全天候”,而不是“24 hours, 7 days a week”,或者就朴实地说“all day, every day”。
5. The one I can't stand is "deplane", meaning to disembark an aircraft, used in the phrase "you will be able to deplane momentarily".
5. 我不能忍受的就是“deplane”这个词,意思就是下飞机,用法是这样的:“You will be able to deplane momentarily(您很快就能下飞机了)”。
6. To "wait on" instead of "wait for" when you're not a waiter - once read a friend's comment about being in a station waiting on a train. For him, the train had yet to arrive - I would have thought rather that it had got stuck at the station with the friend on board.
6. 用“wait on”而不是“wait for”,而且你还不是服务员。有次我读了一段朋友就在车站等车(waiting on a train)发表的评论。他所表达的意思是,火车一直没到站。而我却以为朋友在车上,但是车却困在了车站里。
7. "It is what it is". Pity us.
7. “It is what it is.(这就是事实。)” 同情同情我们吧!
8. Dare I even mention the fanny pack?
8. 敢不敢提fanny pack(腰包)啊?
9. "Touch base" - it makes me cringe no end.
9. “Touch base(联系)”——这让我不停地哆嗦。
10. Is "physicality" a real word?
10. “Physicality(物质性)”真的是一个词吗?
11. Transportation. What's wrong with transport?
11. Transportation(交通工具)。就不能用transport吗?
12. The word I hate to hear is "leverage". Pronounced lev-er-ig rather than lee-ver-ig. It seems to pop up in all aspects of work. And its meaning seems to have changed to "value added".
12. 我讨厌听到的词是“leverage”。把它读成lev-er-ig(美),而不是lee-ver-ig(英)。好像各行各业突然都这么读了,意思貌似也变成“附加值”了。(leverage在美式英语中有“举债经营”的意思,英式英语用gearing表达此意)
13. Does nobody celebrate a birthday anymore, must we all "turn" 12 or 21 or 40? Even the Duke of Edinburgh was universally described as "turning" 90 last month. When did this begin? I quite like the phrase in itself, but it seems to have obliterated all other ways of speaking about birthdays.
13. 难道没人庆祝生日(celebrate a birthday)了吗?我们一定都要“turn”12岁或者21岁或者40岁吗?连爱丁堡公爵过生日也统统说成上个月他“turning”90岁。这是什么时候开始的?我喜欢这个表达本身,但它似乎取代掉其他所有谈论生日的说法了。
14. I caught myself saying "shopping cart" instead of shopping trolley today and was thoroughly disgusted with myself. I've never lived nor been to the US either.
14. 我发现现在自己会说:"shopping cart(购物手推车)”而不是shopping trolley ,我非常讨厌这一点。我从没去过美国,也没在美国生活过。
15. What kind of word is "gotten"? It makes me shudder.
15."Gotten(get的过去分词,美式用法)"到底是个什么词?它总是让我不寒而栗。
16. "I'm good" for "I'm well". That'll do for a start.
16. 用“I'm good(我很好)”替代“I'm well”。刚开始感觉都可以。
17. "Bangs" for a fringe of the hair.
17. 用"bangs"表示刘海。
18. Take-out rather than takeaway!
18. 说take-out(外卖)而不是takeaway!
19. I enjoy Americanisms. I suspect even some Americans use them in a tongue-in-cheek manner? "That statement was the height of ridiculosity".
19. 我喜欢美式英语。不过我怀疑甚至一些美国人也是虚情假意地在用它们。“这份声明简直是荒谬(ridiculosity)。”
20. "A half hour" instead of "half an hour".
20. 说“a half hour(半小时)”而不是“half an hour”。
21. A "heads up". For example, as in a business meeting. Lets do a "heads up" on this issue. I have never been sure of the meaning.
22. A “heads up(提醒)”。比如,在商业会议上说,Lets do a "heads up" on this issue. 我至今还不知道是什么意思。
22. Train station. My teeth are on edge every time I hear it. Who started it? Have they been punished?
22. Train station(火车站)。每次听到它,我就很恼火。谁开始用这个词的?他们没有被罚吗?
23. To put a list into alphabetical order is to "alphabetize it" - horrid!
23. 把一张表按照字母顺序排列就是去“alphabetize it”——非常不爽!
24. People that say "my bad" after a mistake. I don't know how anything could be as annoying or lazy as that.
24. 那些在犯错后说“my bad(我的错)”的人,我真不知道事情怎么可以变得如此让人恼火、将惰性体现得淋漓尽致的。
25. "Normalcy" instead of "normality" really irritates me.
25. 用“normalcy(正常状态)”而不是“normality”真的会激怒我。
BBC杂志发表了一篇关于美式英语入侵英国的文章,引起了很多英国人的共鸣。读者纷纷发来电子邮件,说出最困扰自己、最让自己恼火的美式英语表达。BBC精选了50条,之前我们已经放出前25条,现在来看看后面25条吧。
26. As an expat living in New Orleans, it is a very long list but "burglarize" is currently the word that I most dislike.
26. 作为一名生活在新奥尔良的侨民,我有很长一串清单,但是“burglarize(破门盗窃)”是我目前最不喜欢的词。(英国用burgle)
27. "Oftentimes" just makes me shiver with annoyance. Fortunately I've not noticed it over here yet.
27. “Oftentimes(经常)”会让我恼怒得直哆嗦。幸运地是,我在这里还没看到过。
28. Eaterie. To use a prevalent phrase, oh my gaad!
28. Eaterie(餐馆)。经常听到,天呐!!
29. I'm a Brit living in New York. The one that always gets me is the American need to use the word bi-weekly when fortnightly would suffice just fine.
29. 我是住在纽约的英国人,让我难受的一点是美国人需要用bi-weekly(每两周一次),fortnightly明明足够好用了。
30. I hate "alternate" for "alternative". I don't like this as they are two distinct words, both have distinct meanings and it's useful to have both. Using alternate for alternative deprives us of a word.
30. 我讨厌用“alternate”替代“alternative”。我不喜欢这个因为它们是不同的两个词,它们分别有不同的意思,两者都很有用。用alternate替代alternative会让我们失去一个词。
31. "Hike" a price. Does that mean people who do that are hikers? No, hikers are ramblers!
31. “Hike(提升)”价格。那是不是意味着“提升价格的人”可以用hikers表示?不,hikers(旅行者)是“漫游者”的意思好不好!
32. Going forward? If I do I shall collide with my keyboard.
32. Going forward(前进)?如果我要打这个词,我势必要和我的键盘搏斗一番。
33. I hate the word "deliverable". Used by management consultants for something that they will "deliver" instead of a report.
33. 我讨厌“deliverable(交付物)”这个词。管理顾问常用这个词来表达他们要“deliver(交付)”的某个替代report的东西。
34. The most annoying Americanism is "a million and a half" when it is clearly one and a half million! A million and a half is 1,000,000.5 where one and a half million is 1,500,000.34.
34. 最让人恼火的美式英语是“a million and a half”,正确的明明应该是one and a half million. A million and a half 是1000000.5,one and a half million是1500000。
35. "Reach out to" when the correct word is "ask". For example: "I will reach out to Kevin and let you know if that timing is convenient". Reach out? Is Kevin stuck in quicksand? Is he teetering on the edge of a cliff? Can't we just ask him?
35. 用“reach out to”而不是正确的“ask”。比如,“I will reach out to Kevin and let you know if that timing is convenient.(我会问一下凯文,看看时间是否方便。)”难道凯文在流沙区吗?或者他在悬崖边摇摇欲坠?难道我们就不能“问”一下他?
36. Surely the most irritating is: "You do the Math." Math? It's MATHS.
36. 最激怒人的当然就是:You do the Math.(你自己来算一下。)”Math?应该是MATHS!
37. I hate the fact I now have to order a "regular Americano". What ever happened to a medium sized coffee?
37. 我讨厌我现在必须点“regular Americano(常规美式咖啡)。”为什么就不能说a medium sized coffee呢?
38. My worst horror is expiration, as in "expiration date". Whatever happened to expiry?
38. 我最讨厌的词是expiration(截止),比如“expiration date(截止日期)”。为什么不用expiry?
39. My favourite one was where Americans claimed their family were "Scotch-Irish". This of course is totally inaccurate, as even if it were possible, it would be "Scots" not "Scotch".
39. 我最喜欢的一个就是美国人宣称他们的家庭是“Scotch-Irish(苏格兰-爱尔兰血统的)”。这当然是完全错误的,即使这是一种可能的表达,那么也应该是“Scot”而不是“Scotch”。
40. I am increasingly hearing the phrase "that'll learn you" - when the English (and more correct) version was always "that'll teach you". What a ridiculous phrase!
40. 我听到越来越多人说“that'll learn you(这是给你的教训。)”——明明英语(更加正确的)的版本应该是“that'll teach you.” 多么荒谬的表达!
41. I really hate the phrase: "Where's it at?" This is not more efficient or informative than "where is it?" It just sounds grotesque and is immensely irritating.
41. 我真的很讨厌这个表达:“Where's it at?(在哪儿?)”这并没有比“where is it?”更有效率或蕴含更多信息。它听起来很荒唐,而且非常惹人厌。
42. Period instead of full stop.
42. 用“period(句号)”代替full stop。
43. My pet hate is "winningest", used in the context "Michael Schumacher is the winningest driver of all time". I can feel the rage rising even using it here.
43. 我最讨厌文本中出现“winningest(常胜的)”,比如“迈克尔·舒马赫是有史以来的最常胜(winningest)赛车手”。即使这样用,我也觉得很愤怒。
44. My brother now uses the term "season" for a TV series.
44. 我的弟弟现在用“season(季)”来谈论电视剧了。
45. Having an "issue" instead of a "problem".
45. Having an "issue(问题)"而不是"problem"。
46. I hear more and more people pronouncing the letter Z as "zee". Not happy about it!
46. 我听到越来越多人把字母Z发成zee的音。不开心!
47. To "medal" instead of to win a medal. Sets my teeth on edge with a vengeance.
47. “medal(赢得奖牌)”而不是win a medal。我差点要破口大骂了。
48. "I got it for free" is a pet hate. You got it "free" not "for free". You don't get something cheap and say you got it "for cheap" do you?
48. “I got it for free(我免费得到它)”是我最讨厌的表达。你是“免费(free)”得到它,而不是“为了免费(for free)”。你不会买到一个便宜的东西,然后说你买到它“为了便宜”,对吧?
49. "Turn that off already". Oh dear.
49. Turn that off already.(把那个关掉)。天呐!
50. "I could care less" instead of "I couldn't care less" has to be the worst. Opposite meaning of what they're trying to say.
50. 用“I could care less(我一点也不在乎)”,而不是“I couldn't care less”,是我见过最糟糕的表达。与他们想要说的意思完全相反。
Wines
Wines: It is produced after the fermentation process of grape juice is complete. It is said that the longer the aging process, the better it tastes. ABV (alcohol by volume) - 9% to 16%.
葡萄酒:新鲜的葡萄或葡萄汁经发酵酿成的酒精饮料,酿造的时间越久,口感越好。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV:9%—16%.
Beers
Beers: Beer is made after the fermenting and brewing process is done. The use of wheat, corn, barley, and rice is essential to make beer. ABV - 2% to 4%.
啤酒:以大麦芽、酒花、水为主要原料,经酵母发酵作用酿制而成的饱含二氧化碳的低酒精度酒。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV:2%—4%.
Brandy
Spirits: It is simply a term used to describe unsweetened and distilled alcoholicbeverages.
烈酒:用来描述所有的不经甜化和蒸馏的烈性高浓度酒。
Spirits include
Brandy:
Short for brandy wine, this is a distilled wine. This drink is usually consumed after dinner. ABV- 30% to 60%.
白兰地酒:以水果为原料,经发酵、蒸馏制成的酒,通常所称的白兰地专指以葡萄为原料,通过发酵再蒸馏制成的酒。常在饭后饮用。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV:30%—60%.
Gin
Gin:
To produce gin, juniper berries and white grain spirit are distilled. ABV - 37% to 40%.
金酒(杜松子酒):以杜松子果和谷物蒸馏制成。可单独饮用,也可调配鸡尾酒,并且是调配鸡尾酒中惟一不可缺少的酒种。酒精含量的体积百分比ABV:37%—40%.
Liqueurs
Liqueurs:
This spirit is obtained when various flavors like herbs, cream, spices, flowers, and fruits is combined. ABV - 15% to 30%.
利口酒:泛指酒中添加了天然芳香药用动、植物,并具有一定保健作用的饮料配制甜酒。ABV:15%—30%.
Rum:
A distilled alcoholic drink which is produced after the fermentation of sugarcane ormolasses is done. ABV - 40% to 55%.
朗姆酒:用甘蔗压出来的糖汁,经过发酵、蒸馏而成。ABV: 40%—55%.
Tequila
Tequila:
The use of a plant, blue agave (found in a town in Mexico) is important to make tequila. The various colors of tequila is obtained due to aging process, method, and time duration. ABV - 35% to 40%.
龙舌兰酒:龙舌兰酒又称“特基拉酒”,是墨西哥的特产,被称为墨西哥的灵魂。龙舌兰成熟后割下送至酒厂,再被割成两半后泡洗24小时,然后榨出汁来,汁水加糖送入发酵柜中发酵两天至两天半,然后经两次蒸馏,陈酿时间不同,颜色和口味差异很大。ABV: 35%—40%.
Vodka
Vodka:
Again a distilled drink which is transparent (it's clear). Vodka contains purifiedethanol and water which at times goes through various stages of distillation. It is fermented from potatoes, wheat or rye, corn, or sugar beet molasses. ABV - 25% to 37%.
伏特加酒:是一种经蒸馏处理的酒精饮料,是由水和经蒸馏净化的乙醇所合成的透明液体。在蒸馏过程中除水和乙醇外亦会加入马铃薯、菜糖浆及黑麦或小麦,如果是制作有味道的伏特加更会加入适量的调味料。ABV: 25%—37%.
Whisky:
In Gaelic, whisky means "Water of Life". You get whisky after the fermentation process is done which uses wheat, barley, rye, and corn. ABV - 40% to 50%.
威士忌酒:以大麦、黑麦、燕麦、小麦、玉米等谷物为原料,经发酵、蒸馏后放入橡木桶中陈酿、勾兑而成的一种酒精饮料。ABV: 40%—50%.
Cocktail
Cocktail:
A cocktail is an alcoholic mixed drink that contains two or more ingredients—at least one of the ingredients must be a spirit.
鸡尾酒:鸡尾酒是包含两种或以上酒类的混合酒,其中至少有一种烈酒。
The ABV percentage is pretty high in the drinks made with spirits, which is why they are called hard drinks. So whenever you drink any of these drinks, make sure you do so responsibly.
Alcohol glasses
从左至右分别为:带手柄啤酒杯、高球杯、鸡尾酒杯、白兰地矮脚杯、香槟杯。
1. Beer Mug 啤酒杯
You put beer in this. Some people put them in the freezer to frost
them before use. One glass typically holds 16 oz.
of fluid,
but there are no rules.
2. Highball Glass 高球杯
It’s a straight-sided glass of varying heights and is what you’re
usually given when you order a whiskey and Coke, gin and tonic or
other mixed drink.
3. Cocktail Glass (a.k.a. Martini
Glass) 鸡尾酒杯(又称为马提尼酒杯)
The angled, triangular bowl and long stem are unmistakable and is
designed to keep the drinker from allowing her or his hands to warm
the drink. Of course, after two drinks pretty much everyonecradles the
bowl, thereby wasting its functional purpose.
4. Brandy Snifter 白兰地矮脚杯
Its short stem and globe shape encourage cradling so the hand warms
the drink, and the tapered edges
focus the odor of
the liquor up into the tippler’s
nose.
5. Champagne Flute 香槟杯
The long tulip-shaped vessel lets
drinkers enjoy the gentle cascade of boozybubbles
and also focuses the effervescence upward
so that it will create a foamy, nose-tickling mousse.
英国玄学派诗人约翰•邓恩的经典情诗《早安》
The Good Morrow(早安)是英国玄学派诗人John Donne(约翰•多恩)的经典情诗。
文艺复兴时期西方有两种常见的爱情诗类型,一种是男方向女方吟唱的晨歌(aubade),另一种是描写一对恋人黎明时醒来对话的晨曲(aube)。英国玄学派大师邓恩把这两种形式巧妙地揉合在一起,写出了他著名的小诗之一《早安》。
根据诗的标题和诗中某些描述(第2节前4行和第3节前2行)的暗示,可以构想出本诗的基本情境:一间小小的卧室,室内一对恋人清晨醒来,平静地相互凝视。诗的内容其实并不新颖,它表现的乃是文艺复兴时期屡见不鲜的传统主题,即爱不是欲,精神爱远远胜过肉体爱。但是,邓恩一反伊丽莎白时代爱情诗的素常手法,摒弃了那些温柔缠绵,甜蜜腻人的意象,通过一系列玄学派特有的充满聪敏机智的奇思妙喻,表现了微妙的哲学思辨,令人耳目一新。
本诗的形式也十分工整,全诗共有三个诗节,每节七行,包括一个四行诗和一个三行诗,按ababcc押韵。(以上选自——胡家峦:一个新世界的发现——读约翰•邓恩的《早安》)
今年情人节的时候卫报请了一些作家选一首他们最喜欢的情诗,其中畅销书作家David Nicholls(One Day的作者)就选了这首The Good Morrow,,因为它表达了“互相的理解、平衡和坚贞”。
The Good Morrow - John Donne
I wonder by my troth, what thou and I
Did, till we loved? Were we not wean’d till then?
But suck’d on country pleasures, childishly?
Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers’ den?
‘Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be;
If ever any beauty I did see,
Which I desired, and got, ‘twas but a dream of thee.
And now good-morrow to our waking souls,
Which watch not one another out of fear;
For love all love of other sights controls,
And makes one little room an everywhere.
Let sea-discoverers to new worlds have gone;
Let maps to other, worlds on worlds have shown;
Let us possess one world; each hath one, and is one.
My face in thine eye, thine in mine appears,
And true plain hearts do in the faces rest;
Where can we find two better hemispheres
Without sharp north, without declining west?
Whatever dies, was not mix’d equally;
If our two loves be one, or thou and I
Love so alike that none can slacken, none can die.
早安(翻译 by 飞白)
我真不明白;你我相爱之前
在干什么?莫非我们还没断奶,
只知吮吸田园之乐像孩子一般?
或是在七个睡眠者的洞中打鼾?
确实如此,但一切欢乐都是虚拟,
如果我见过.追求并获得过美,
那全都是——且仅仅是——梦见了你。
现在向我们苏醒的灵魂道声早安,
两个灵魂互相信赖,毋须警戒;
因为爱控制了对其他景色的爱,
把小小的房间点化成大千世界。
让航海发现家向新世界远游,
让无数世界的舆图把别人引诱
我们却自成世界,又互相拥有。
我映在你眼里,你映在我眼里,
两张脸上现出真诚坦荡的心地。
哪儿能找到两个更好的半球啊?
没有严酷的北,没有下沉的西?
凡是死亡,都属调和失当所致,
如果我俩的爱合二为一,或是
爱得如此一致.那就谁也不会死。
The Truth About The Sound of Music Family
《音乐之声》真人实事
(选自《英语世界》2015年第11期)
文/路易丝·伊达尔戈 译/长禾
By Louise Hidalgo
When it was released 50 years ago, The Sound of Music became one of the most successful films of all time. It was based on the true story of the von Trapp family—but what did they think of it and was their life really like it was portrayed in the movie?
五十年前,《音乐之声》上映,自此成为史上最成功的电影之一。影片以冯特拉普一家的真实经历为原型,但他们本人如何看待这部片子?他们的生活真如电影所展示的那样吗?
[2] “Everyone thinks The Sound of Music was exactly the way things happened, and of course it wasn’t because there had to be artistic licence,” says Johannes von Trapp. He is the youngest son of Georg and Maria—the decorated1 naval commander and singing nun turned governess of the film.
“This was the Hollywood version of the Broadway version of the German film version of the book that my mother wrote.
“It’s like the parlour game where you whisper a word in your neighbour’s ear and he whispers it and it goes around the room—by the time it comes back it’s usually changed a bit.”
〔2〕“人人都以为《音乐之声》的故事跟真实情况完全一样,这当然不可能,因为电影得有艺术加工。”约翰内斯·冯特拉普说。约翰内斯是格奥尔格和玛丽亚最小的儿子。电影里,格奥尔格就是那个获得勋章的海军指挥官,玛丽亚则是那个爱唱歌的修女,后来当上了家庭教师。
“我母亲写的书出版后,先是德国人根据书拍了部电影,然后百老汇将德国影片改编成了音乐剧,之后好莱坞又将音乐剧改编为电影。
“就像那种室内游戏,你悄悄告诉邻座一个词,他再悄悄传给下一位,照此传话,直到整个房间的人都传遍,等到这个词再传回你,通常多多少少都会不一样了。”
[3] When The Sound of Music came out2 in March 1965, 20th Century Fox put on a special screening for the family in New York. Johannes was a young recruit in the US army and applied for leave but was refused.
“So I went absent without leave. I borrowed a car from a friend and I had to save my last dollar for the Holland tunnel3 to get across the Hudson River.
“A lot of my family’s friends were there, and my mother of course, and my brothers and sisters. And it was very emotional and powerful. I remember at the wedding scene my mother got up from her chair and started walking towards the screen, she was so impacted.”
〔3〕1965年3月《音乐之声》上映之时,20世纪福克斯公司在纽约为冯特拉普一家举办了专场放映。年轻的约翰内斯当时刚刚入伍,是美国新兵,他为此请假,但未获准。
“所以我偷偷跑了出来,从朋友那儿借了辆车,为过哈德孙河还得省下最后一块钱走荷兰隧道。
“我们家的很多朋友都来了,当然,我母亲和我的哥哥姐姐们也都在。当时场面很感人、很震撼。我记得,放到婚礼场面时,母亲从椅子上站起来,向银幕走去,她被深深地打动了。”
[4] In real life the oldest von Trapp child was Rupert but in the film it’s a girl, sixteen-year-old Liesl who falls in love with the boy who delivers telegrams, Rolfe.
“In the real family my oldest sister was Agatha and she was a very introverted person,” says Johannes, “and the thought of her doing that song and dance routine with the telegraph boy had us all rolling in the aisles4 in stitches5.”
〔4〕真实生活中,冯特拉普家的老大是鲁珀特,但在电影中,老大是16岁的女孩莉斯尔,和送电报的男孩罗尔夫坠入爱河。
“家里的真实情况是:我大姐叫阿加莎,是个非常内向的人,”约翰内斯说,“一想到影片中她和那个送电报的男孩唱啊跳的,我们就乐得不行,笑得前仰后合。”
[5] There were other differences too.
〔5〕此外还有不同之处。
[6] Johannes was born in 1939—by then his mother and father had been married for 12 years and had already had two children together, to add to the seven that the widowed Captain von Trapp had from his first marriage.
In the film the couple marry in 1938 and as Johannes says: “It was quite tough enough with seven kids for the movie company.”
〔6〕约翰内斯1939年出生,彼时,结婚12年的父母已生了两个孩子。丧偶的冯特拉普上校在与玛丽亚结婚前,已经有7个孩子,那是他与第一任妻子所生。
而在电影里,这对夫妻1938年结婚,如约翰内斯所说:“对电影公司来说,7个小孩已经够难弄了。”
[7] The von Trapp children also already played music before Maria came to their home as a governess. “My mother was the energy and the instigator that took them to almost concert quality,” says Johannes.
But it was another important figure in their life, the priest, Father Franz Fausner, who was instrumental in their musical success, touring with them in Europe and America. He was left out of both the film and the Broadway musical.
〔7〕在玛丽亚来到他们家当家庭教师前,冯特拉普家的孩子就已经与音乐结缘。约翰内斯说:“我母亲给这个家注入了活力,是家庭合唱团的发起者,将孩子们的演唱几乎提升到了音乐会的水准。”
但是,真实生活中,他们在音乐上取得成功,有另一个重要人物起了重要作用,那就是弗朗茨·福斯纳神父,他和他们一起在欧洲和美国巡演。但在影片和百老汇的音乐剧中,他都没被提及。
[8] Another more hurtful change was the portrayal of Georg von Trapp. Far from being the distant rather domineering father of The Sound of Music, Johannes says he was “a very charming man, generous, open, and not the martinet he was made out to be both in the stage play and in the film. My mother did try to alter that portrayal for the film, but she was not successful.”
〔8〕另一处改编更伤人感情,那就是对格奥尔格·冯特拉普的刻画。他根本不是《音乐之声》里所刻画的冷漠专横的父亲,约翰内斯说,父亲“是个很有魅力的人,大度又开明,根本不是舞台剧和电影里塑造的那种铁令如山的人。母亲确实试图改变电影对他的那种刻画,但没有成功。”
[9] It was Maria von Trapp’s book, The Story of Trapp Family Singers, which was published in 1949 that inspired first the musical and then the film.
〔9〕正是玛丽亚·冯特拉普1949年出版的书,《冯特拉普家庭合唱团的故事》,先后催生了音乐剧和电影。
[10] The family had lost all their money when the Austrian bank that held it failed in the 1930s—they managed to keep their villa outside Salzburg.
But after the Nazi annexation of Austria in March 1938, life became increasingly untenable and later that year they left.
〔10〕20世纪30年代,奥地利银行倒闭,这个家所有的存款都没了,但他们设法保住了萨尔茨堡郊外的别墅。
但1938年3月纳粹吞并奥地利后,生活变得越来越难以维持;那年晚些时候,他们离开了奥地利。
[11] They didn’t cross the mountains as shown in the film though—they went by train to go on a concert tour from which they never returned. They finally travelled by boat to New York and when they arrived had only a few dollars to their name.
〔11〕不过,他们并没有像电影所描述的那样翻山越岭,而是坐火车开始了一场音乐巡演,自此再未回头。最终,他们乘船抵达纽约,当时已囊中羞涩。
[12] They continued giving performances and later bought a farm in Vermont where the family still runs a hotel, the Trapp Family Lodge. But when Georg died in 1947 Maria was left with 10 children to support.
〔12〕他们继续演出,后来在佛蒙特州买了一个农场,这家人现在仍在那儿经营一家旅馆——特拉普家庭小舍。1947年格奥尔格去世,留下了玛丽亚独力抚养10个孩子。
[13] That’s when she wrote the book which became a best-seller. A German-language film and the musical followed.
〔13〕正是在那个时候,玛丽亚写了那本书。该书成为畅销书,并先后被改编成德语电影和音乐剧。
[14] Maria later recalled, in a BBC interview, that she only learned Hollywood was making a film when she read about it in a newspaper.
“I felt very alarmed,” she said. “I didn’t know what they are going to do with us… Hollywood being Hollywood, [I thought] they will have me three times divorced and five times married or whatever. And then it turned out so nice—especially the beginning with the mountains and me coming up over the meadow.”
〔14〕后来,在英国广播公司的一次采访中,玛丽亚回忆说,她看到报纸才得知好莱坞要拍一部电影。
“我很担心,”她说,“我不知道他们会把我们拍成什么样……好莱坞就是好莱坞,(我想)他们会让我离三次婚、结五次婚什么的。结果,影片却拍得那么好——尤其是开头那段:崇山峻岭,我从草地上走来。”
[15] Maria was a “force of nature” says Johannes. “It wasn’t easy to disagree with her but she kept everything together.”
“She did everything quickly. She walked very fast, with a rolling gait developed from hiking in the Austrian mountains and it was hard to keep up with her. She ate fast, she drove too fast. My wife borrowed her car once to go the village, and was astonished that everyone in front gave way when they saw my mother’s car coming.”
〔15〕玛丽亚“个性很强”,约翰内斯说:“不听她的话可不容易,她可是我们家的主心骨。”
“她做什么事都快。她走路特别快,一步紧跟一步,这是在奥地利翻山越岭经常远足练出来的,要跟上她的步子可难了。她吃饭快,开车也快。有一次,我妻子借她的车到村里去,她惊讶地发现,一看到我妈妈的车开过来,前面每个人都赶紧让道。”
[16] Music was always part of the von Trapps’ life, even when they weren’t performing.
“I can remember times I’d be washing the pots and pans in the kitchen and my sister Hedwig had been cooking, and we’d start singing and harmonising, and then another family member would come and join us. And soon the guests would leave their tables and come into the kitchen to hear us sing,” says Johannes.
〔16〕音乐一直是冯特拉普一家生活的一部分,即便他们不表演时也是如此。
“我还记得,有时候,我在厨房刷锅洗碗,姐姐黑德维希在做饭,我俩就会唱起歌来,一唱一和,然后家里另一个人会过来跟我们一起唱。很快,客人们都会离开餐桌,到厨房来听我们唱歌。”约翰内斯说。
[17] He acknowledges that it has been hard at times to live alongside the Hollywood version of their life. “But I’ve come to grip with it,” he says.
“There were many years when I really was annoyed by it. But I’ve been so impressed by how many people say it’s been inspirational to them, that I put it on one side, in the public performance part of my life, and get on with my own life in private.” ■
〔17〕他承认,好莱坞电影中的呈现有时会干扰他们的现实生活。“但我已经能应付了。”他说。
“有好几年,我真是觉得很烦。但当我听到那么多人说影片鼓舞了他们时,我就非常欣慰,因此,我把它放到一边,公开演出时呈现给大家,其他时候就好好过我自己的日子。” □
(译者单位: 中华女子学院)
1. decorate 授给(某人)勋章(或奖章)。
2. come out 出版或发表。
3. 该隧道位于美国纽约州纽约市,从哈德孙河下穿过,连接纽约市的曼哈顿与新泽西州的泽西市。1920年开工,1927年完工通车,隧道设计者克利福德·密尔本·荷兰(Clifford Milburn Holland)在隧道完工前去世,因此以其姓命名以兹纪念。
4. roll in the aisles 笑得东倒西歪,乐不可支。
5. 捧腹大笑。
Actually. Adverb, mostly. When Sarah Miller declared war on literally over at The Awl, I argued that actually was worse, the "talk to the hand of the adverb community," or "the word that you use when you're actually saying, 'You are wrong, and I am right, and you are at least a little bit of an idiot.'" Actually, I still agree with that.
实际上。副词,大部分时候。萨拉·米勒在《锥报》上向“真的”宣战,而我会说,“实际上”更糟。“跟副词中的手谈谈”或“你实际上在说‘你是错的,我才是对的,你多少有那么点白痴’时的用词”。实际上,我还是这样认为的。
Artisanal. Adjective. I got rid of Artisanal this May, or at least I tried to, and I wrote him an obituary I thought he would appreciate—"Artisanal, a word that fought early in his career to ensure recognition of craftsmen for their important contributions to society before later being drafted into the creation of a worldwide gourmet branding glut, died Wednesday at his brownstone in Brooklyn overlooking a small gourmet mayonnaise store. At best estimates, he was approximately 474 years old." And yet ... he has the audacity to continue to pop up in cubicles. As related to NASA. On The Simpsons. In, yes, mayo. On pizza crusts, in another word form. Everywhere, including even in water. He is us and we are he. Like a character in a soap opera who turns out to have been living in a cave and plotting his revenge the whole time that his lover and arch nemesis thought he'd been "taken care of" by a biker gang off the coast of Newfoundland, Artisanal is not going away anytime soon, I fear. He'll probably live forever.
手制的。形容词。这个五月,我戒掉了“手制的”,或者说,我至少尝试戒掉,而且我为它写了讣告,它应该会喜欢的——“手制的,该词早年致力于保证手工艺人对于社会的重要贡献获得认可,后被写入世界范围内大量的食品品牌,周三死于它位于布鲁克林、俯瞰一间小小蛋黄酱店的19世纪褐沙石老宅。据估计,它享年约474岁。”且慢……它还继续在人们的工作小隔间里出现哩!跟美国航天局有关,在辛普森一家里面,还有,对了,蛋黄酱。在披萨底上,以另一种词形出现。无处不在,甚至在水底。它就是我们,我们就是它。就像肥皂剧里那个长年住在山洞里谋划着他的复仇的人物,而他的情人和死敌都以为他被纽芬兰海岸上的摩托车帮“罩着”。“手制的”不会轻易离我们远去,恐怕,它会永生不死。
Baby Bump. Horrid compound noun. I just hate this twee term, I really do, which manages to be both infantalizing and depersonalizing to both baby bump and baby carrier. It's not a bump; that human woman is pregnant. (See T for more on twee).
孕腹。可怕的合成名词。我就是讨厌它矫情。真的,它既低幼化又没个性,对“孕腹”和“孕妇”来说都如此。那不是一个肿块。那个女人正在怀孕!(关于“矫情”twee,详见T字部)
Brogrammer. Noun. Our tech writer Rebecca Greenfield offers up her opinion on this one, which she sees as an issue with meaning rather than the specific formulation of letters: "The word itself isn't so horrible, though we're starting to get a little tired of the portmanteaux [see P for more on that]," she says. "But it describes the rise of a darker side of tech nerdism that makes us sad. While the phenomenon might not be as widespread as certain reports suggest, over the last year we've seen instances of sexism come out of that world that lead us to believe at least some Silicon Valley coders fall under this fratty programmer umbrella. Like, all the times tech companies have used 'bikini babes' in professional settings. Come on, guys."
花花码农。名词。我们的科技作家瑞贝卡·格林菲德有话说,她把这看成一件有含义的事儿,而不仅仅是字母组合:“这个词本身并不可怕,虽然我们已经对旅行箱(portmantaux,见P字部)有点厌倦了,” 她说,“但这个词描述了科技闷蛋暗黑面的崛起,这一面让我们伤感。虽然这个现象并不像有些报道说的那么普遍,在去年一年中,我们已经看到了性别歧视,以至于我们相信,至少有那么一些硅谷码农已经归入这类程序员的俱乐部。比如,科技公司总是在工作的时候说‘三点式宝贝’。拜托,男人们!”
Butt-chugging. Whatever you want it to be, really. This one from language columnist and linguist Ben Zimmer, who wrote in an email, "My candidate for worst word of the year is butt-chugging. It’s an unpleasant term for an unpleasant practice, which came to light when a member of the University of Tennessee’s Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity was hospitalized for alcohol poisoning." He explains further of this horrible term and its horrible logistical realities, "Reports said he had engaged in an alcohol enema, known in frat circles as butt-chugging. The student, through his lawyer, denied the butt-chugging charge, but in so doing made the slang term national news. I hope I never have to hear it again."
灌屁眼。你觉得是什么词就是什么词吧。这个词来自语言专栏作家和语言学家本·辛门的一封电邮:“我提名的年度最糟词语是‘灌屁眼’。这是一个关于一件恶心的事的恶心的词,起源自一个田纳西州大学Pi Kappa Alpha兄弟会的成员由于酒精中毒而入院。”他继续解释这个恐怖的词语和它所指的现实,“报告称,他被酒精灌肠,这在兄弟会圈中被称为‘灌屁眼’。该名学生,通过他的律师,否认了指控,但这样做确让这个词风行全国。我希望我再也不用听到这个词了。”
Curate. Verb. "I must say that no Internet buzzword irked me more this year than curate," explains The Atlantic Wire's Richard Lawson. "It's a reappropriated term that used to mean something good — putting lovely and interesting things in a museum! — but now denotes a technique of cobbling together preexisting web content and sharing it with readers/followers/whomever. In other words, linking to things. It's an awfully highfalutin term for something that many of us do every day, on Facebook and Twitter. Sharing links isn't some special skill or trade, but self-described curators, who rose to great power in 2012, are effectively asserting that it is."
组织。动词。“我必须这么说,今年没有任何一个网络潮语比‘组织’更让我烦恼的了,”大西洋月刊的理查·罗森解释说,“这是个词以前说的是好事儿——把可爱而有趣的东西放进博物馆——可是现在,它被挪来表示把已经存在的网页内容缝缝补补,然后跟读者/粉丝/爱谁谁分享。换种说法,就是把东西链接起来。这是在脸书和推特上对我们日常工作的恶心夸大。分享链接并不是什么特殊技能或产业,可是那些在2012年权力飙升的自封的组织者却偏偏说是。”
Curvy. Adjective to describe female bodies. As writer and editor Lauren Bans recently pointed out in New York's The Cut, we appear to be at peak curviness, that is, in terms of using this word to describe the female form, whatever that form might be. Has curvy lost all meaning, and if it has, is this a bad thing? (Jezebel's Tracy Moore thinks it is a good thing, in fact.) I agree with Bans that curvy, whether celebratory or not, is falling into a kind of overused meaninglessness, which says more about editors and writers being a wee bit lazy and less about the word itself. But also, does one really need to tack such a word onto a photo of a woman who people can very well see for themselves is shaped the way in which she is? Isn't this consummate to pointing out that so-and-so wore a red dress, when so-and-so is clearly wearing a red dress? Then again, if we don't know what curvy means, maybe it's not, which curves us right back again to the meaninglessness in which the word is now immersed, like so many starlets gallivanting in the ocean waters in retro polka-dot bikinis, showing off their curves. Proposal: Let's use curvy to describe lines, not humans.
曲折。形容词,描述女性身体。作者兼编辑罗伦·班斯最近在纽约的The Cut上指出,我们好像已经到了使用这个词来形容女性形体——无论形体如何——的顶峰。曲折是否已经失去意义?如果是,是不是坏事?(《荡妇》的翠西·摩尔觉得这是件好事儿)我同意班斯的说法,“曲折”,无论是正说还是反说,都已经落入一种滥用的无意义之中,这更多地说明编辑和作者的懒惰,而非单词本身。不过,我们是不是真的需要把这个词钉在一张女人照片上,即使但凡看过这张照片的人都能知道她的曲线形状?难道当某某穿了一袭红裙的时候,直接说“某某穿了一袭红裙”还不够完满吗?如果我们不知道“曲折”是什么意思,那么这可能真的不够完满,这又把我们绕回到了这个词当下的无意义中,好像许多的三流女明星在海水里游荡,穿着复古波点比基尼,展露着她们的曲线。建议:让我们用曲折来描述线条,而非人。
Disrupt. Verb, but with noun and other forms. Developer and writer Matt Langer erupts on disrupt!: "Oh my god will someone PLEASE disrupt the disruptors already? This revolting word has got to go. Because while the past five years or so of startup mania has been insufferable and obnoxious and annoying it's all in all been generally innocuous, mostly just a bunch of well-capitalized B-school bros Ubering around and talking all this big game about 'changing the world' when all they're really doing is masquerading good old fashioned naked greed as some kind hopey-changey photo-sharing app, which: fine, whatever. But this disruption nonsense is actually a genuine, insidious problem, because it has engendered this fierce cult of Now, of The New, this influential school of VC evangelist types pedaling a wrecking ball mentality which dictates that anything not in the process of starting up ought to be kneecapped. Disruption isn't so much a business strategy anymore as it is a knowing sneer, the thinly veiled desire of the aspirationally 1% to just watch it all burn. It's the new first principle of business, which suggests the primary function of business anymore isn't to build things up but to tear them down. Disruption is now an end in itself, and no industry is safe when the sole moral obligation of the disruptor is to disrupt. And so it is that we get for-profit education. Or we get Farhad Manjoo trolling the entire literary world by saying it should celebrate the rise of Amazon and the death of the independent bookstore. And this is all CRAZY! Enough disrupting. Let's get back to 'doing business.'"
分拆。动词,有名词及其他形式。开发者和作者马特·兰格对“分拆”爆发了:“我的天啊,有没有人可以帮忙分拆那些分拆者?这个讨厌的词一定要消失。因为在过去的五年多里,小企业创业狂热是如此难以忍受和讨厌和烦人,这总体上无害,不过是一群资金充足的商学院学生四处兜售那些关于“改变世界”的大生意,虽然他们实际上在做的只是把古已有之的赤裸裸的贪婪粉饰为充满变革希望的照片分享应用程式。不管怎么说,这没问题。但这种胡说八道的分拆实际上是一个真实存在的阴谋,因为它产生了凶猛的关于“现在”、“新兴”的迷信。这种私募传道式的理论正驱动着破碎球机一般的心态,偏执地认为任何没有在开始过程中的事物都应该被击倒。分拆不再是一种商业策略,而成为了一种“我无所不知”的冷笑,成了那些抱着雄心壮志的1%要亲眼看它烧成灰烬的欲盖弥彰的欲望。那成了商业的新第一守则,它说商业的基本功能不再是建立什么,而是推翻拆卸。分拆已经成了分拆的目的,当分拆者唯一的道德义务就是分拆时,产业无一幸免。所以,事情其实是我们接受了逐利教育,或者我们让法哈德·曼约奥(Farhad Manjoo,目前世界上最强大的国家杂志《Fast Company》的科技专栏作家)反转整个文学世界,宣布其应为亚马逊的崛起和独立书店的死亡欢庆。这就是疯狂!分拆够了!我们得干点真正的商业。”
Ecosystem. Noun. Pity ecosystem, a case of what happens when good words fall in with a bad crowd. Rebecca Greenfield explains, "This reasonable science-related word has been co-opted by the tech writing community, which has senselessly ravaged it. The true meaning of the term translates to a 'biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.' As in, the place where living things live together. To tech writers, however, ecosystem involves a lot of non-living things that just happen to share characteristics. The Android ecosystem, the app ecosystem, the tablet ecosystem, the digital ecosystem, the start-up ecosystem — it's not like at the end of the day all the little gadgets go home to their gadget neighborhoods and hang out."
生态系统。名词。为之遗憾。所谓“生态系统”就是一个好词落进狗嘴里案例。瑞贝卡·格林菲德解释道:“这个规规矩矩的科学词汇是由科技写作团体创造的,也是被这个团体无情地毁坏的。这个词真正的意思是‘一个由有机体及其所在的物理环境互动所形成的生物环境’。简单来说,就是生物共同生存的地方。然而对于科技作家来说,生态系统包括很多正好具有共同特征的非生物。安卓生态系统,应用程式生态系统,平板电脑生态系统,数码生态系统,创业生态系统——该不会在下班时间所有的小工具都回家,回它们的小工具社区然后吹吹牛皮吧?”
Epic. Adjective. Unless you're describing The Iliad or The Odyssey (and in a high school or college English class), choose anew, friends. Don't make me say this again in 2013.
史诗式的。形容词。除非你是在形容《伊利亚特》或《奥德赛》(在高中或大学的英语课上),否则,朋友,挑个别的词儿。不要让我在2013年再说一遍。
Fiscal Cliff. Noun. Our Dashiell Bennett says, "The fiscal cliff is the worst kind of jargon because it's both inaccurate and unhelpful. America's economy won't suddenly plummet to the bottom of a crevasse on January 1, and even if it were going to, an imaginary rock formation doesn't teach anyone about how budgets are made. [The phrase] is a convenient way to scare people without actually having to tell them what they should be scared of — which is perfect for the majority of people who don't even understand the issues at stake and aren't particularly interested in learning."财政悬崖(Fiscal Cliff)。
名词。我们的达希尔·本内特说,“财政悬崖属于最糟糕的一种行内话,因为它既不准确又没有帮助。美国的经济不会在1月1号一刹那垂直落入谷底,就算它会,一个想象出来的岩壁不能教会任何人财政预算是怎样做的。[这个词]只是用来方便唬人,而实际上没有告诉他们真正应该害怕的是什么——这正对大多数不明白危机所在也没兴趣去了解的人的胃口。”
Gaffe. Noun with political inclinations. From the Wire's Elspeth Reeve, gaffe is veering off a semantic cliff: "The definition of a gaffe has been broadened to any time a politician says something you can put in an headline and then write jokes about. A gaffe is a guaranteed two-post story — one on the original comment, and one on the follow-up comment explaining the comment. Reporters' excessive reliance on gaffes to make it through a slow news day was most apparent when a Washington Post reporter was caught on tape yelling across a parking lot to Mitt Romney, "WHAT ABOUT YOUR GAFFES?"
失态。政治性名词。据本刊埃尔斯佩丝·丽芙所说,失态突然转离了语义悬崖。“失态的定义已经被扩张至任何时候当一个政治家讲了点什么可以做标题然后成为笑柄的话儿。一次失态起码能写两个故事——一个关于那句话本身,另一个是后续的评论,解读那句话。记者们明显过度依赖失态来度日,尤其当一个华盛顿邮报的记者被录到在停车场朝罗姆尼大喊:‘你的囧样儿呢?’”
Glocal. Noun? Adjective? What is this, even? Get rid of this word "and all senseless tech start-up jargon because what does that even mean? Nobody knows. Not even the people who use it. Just stop it," says Greenfield.
全球本土化。名词?形容词?这到底是啥?扔掉这个词,“扔掉所有不知所云的科技创业属于,因为,这到底是啥?天晓得。用这个词的人自己都不晓得。所以,不要再用了,”格林菲德如是说。
Hashtag. Seriously, a proper noun askdljflasdjflasdjf;adjlkfa;. Did you hear the one about the parents who named their new baby Hashtag? Yeah, that's about enough of that.
井号。这是个不折不扣的名词。你听说了有一对父母把他们的孩子命名为井号吗?是的,大概说这么多就够了。
Hehehe. The way a serial killer chuckles. This is a particular spelling of laughter which I personally cannot stand, mostly because it is so very creepy. Don't like LOL or ha ha ha, either? The Atlantic's Megan Garber can help.
呵呵呵。模拟连环杀人犯的窃笑。这是一种关于笑声的特别串字法,我个人没法接受,大概因为真的很恐怖。既不像LOL,又不像ha ha ha。本刊的梅根·加伯或许能帮上你。
Hipster. Noun. It's gotten so it's boring to decry this term, which makes it even sadder when we see it. Again with the meaninglessness as related to pervasiveness! And yet, it's a dig, too. How can that be? Writer Drew Magary adds, "Hipster has grown into such a widely used pejorative that it doesn't really mean anything anymore. You're just saying 'white person.'"
潮人。名词。这个词大家都懂,所以再埋汰它就太无聊了,可正因为如此,我们看到它的时候就觉得更难过了。这又是一个被滥用到无意义的例子!可是,它也是一种嘲讽。怎么会呢?作家德鲁·马格里补充道,“潮人已被当作轻蔑语广泛使用,它不再意味任何东西。你只是在说‘白人’。”
Historic, historical. Adjective. Dashiell Bennett speaks to the gross overuse of this word, saying, "Every election is historic. Technically, anything that ever happens can become history, so pundits really need to stop throwing this word around anytime they want to make something sound important. It's like that old saying: If everything is special, then nothing is."
历史性的,历史上的。形容词。达希尔·本内特对于这个词被粗鲁滥用有话说:“每一次选举都是历史性的。从技术层面上讲,任何发生的事都会成为历史,所以时事评论员真的有必要停止把这个词扔到任何他们希望听起来很重要的事情上。老话说得好:万物皆奇,即无特殊。”
INITIAL-WORDS. Usage type. This is not a word, per se, but instead something we do. Writer and "sometime televisualist" Kurt Loder brings it to our attention. "A continuing annoyance, not peculiar to this year, is the prevalence of such prissy formulations as 'the C word' and 'the N word,'" he explains. "When Bill Maher calls a woman a cunt in a public venue, or Quentin Tarantino makes a movie that is distinguished by its wall-to-wall use of the word nigger, these facts should be reported in a straightforward way, however un-PC they may be. I don’t know anyone who uses such words in day-to-day conversation, but we all know they exist. The coy C and N euphemisms (like the laughably juvenile F bomb) are an understandable alternative in family-oriented newspapers and magazines, and, I suppose, on broadcast television. But anyone over the age of, say, 12, likely knows what the letters stand for, and in more worldly outlets —like this one! — is unlikely to be traumatized by having them spelled out. Let’s be real."
首字母缩略词。类型依用途而定。这本身并不是一个词,而是我们做的一件事。作家兼“偶然荧屏视像师”库尔特·洛德让我们注意到这个字。“这是件没完没了的烦人事儿,不止是今年,而是那种神经质的字母组合的泛滥,比如‘C开头的’和‘N开头的’,”他解释说。“当比尔·马赫在公共场合叫一个女人做‘淫妇’,或昆汀·塔伦蒂诺拍了一部从头到尾都在讲‘黑鬼’的电影,这些事实应该被直接报道出来,不管它们有多么不合适。据我所知,没有任何人在日常生活对话中用这些词,但我们都知道它们的确存在。那些扭扭捏捏的C和N(就像那搞笑的少年F轰炸)是家庭报纸或杂志以及广播电视上可以理解的备选词。但任何超过,比如说,12岁的人,就应该知道这些字母代表什么意思,并且在一个能有更详尽解释的地方——比如这里!——这些人不可能会被那些直接写出来的词句伤害。我们都老实点吧。”
INTERNET-HYPE WORDS. Expressions of "internet popularity." The New Yorker's Ben Greenman says, "I do not like words associated with internet popularity: viral, traffic, metrics, and similar examples. I don't like them because they're convulsive. They aim to describe an idea of phenomenon that is impersonally successful: something that reaches large numbers of people without necessarily forging strong relationships with any of them. And then, strangely, those words themselves circulate through the system in the same way as the phenomena they are describing. They are like bloodless blood. To be fair, I'm not sure the words themselves are the problem so much as the thoughts behind them, which suggest that many things are more important than quality and that skimming meaninglessly past the eyes of millions is more important than settling meaningfully into the minds of a few."
网络热词。即“网络人气”。《纽约客》的本·格林曼说,“我不喜欢与网络人气相关的词:病毒的,流量,度量,和其他相似的例子。我不喜欢它们因为它们抽风。它们想要描述一些客观上成功的现象的概念,一些触及很多人可是跟他们中的任何一个都没有很强的关系的东西。然后,很奇怪地,那些词自己在系统里循环,就跟它们所描述的现象一样。它们就像无色的血。平心而论,我不确定这些词本身是不是跟它们背后的思想一样有问题,那些想法是,很多东西比质量重要,毫无意义地略过几百万双眼睛比充满意义地进驻少数几个头脑重要。”
Jeah. Expression of douchey enthusiasm. Drew Magary explains: "So Jeah ... Jeah is the 'Jayden' of catchphrases. Ryan Lochte took a normal word ("Yeah") and then EXTREEMIFIED 50% by subbing the J. Jeah makes me despise the idea of affirming anything. I don't want to be here when he coins Xamesome and Zadical."
Jeah。表达一种娘娘腔的热情。德鲁·马格里解释说,“关于Jeah……Jeah是口头禅的小儿子。莱恩·罗切特用J把一个普通的Yeah激化50%。Jeah让我无视所有肯定。当他创造Xamesome和Zadical的时候,我不想在场。”
Kony. Proper noun. Grantland's Rembert Browne traces the evolution of this one for us: "I don't think there's a word that has had so many different life cycles and connotations in one year as the word Kony. The word, the last name of Joseph Kony, the Ugandan leader responsible for numerous war crimes, was virtually unknown in the mainstream andscape in the beginning of 2012. Then, in March, it became the name of a viral movement, KONY, aimed at taking him down, headed by director Jason Russell. At this point, the word KONY was everywhere. And while the word was a bad thing (the last name of a ruthless leader), the word became word for good (stopping the ruthless dictator). The point of KONY was to stop Kony. But then, a few weeks later, the San Diego police found Russell naked in the street, interfering with traffic, appearing to have completely snapped. And the video of that became the new KONY video. It was at that point that KONY became something bad again, or more a joke of a phrase than an important movement. The buildup to April 20, the date at which all of those around the world that supported KONY were supposed to band together, had been deflated and while not completely dead, the movement was all but over some three weeks after it started. Both KONY and Kony still exist, but as the year comes to a close, both are approaching their pre-2012 levels of importance within the American landscape, which is, again, very little."
科尼。名词。Grantland网的伦伯特·布朗为我们追踪了这个词的进化:“我想应该没有别的词能在一年中经历这么多不同的生命周期和含义。这个词,约瑟夫·科尼的姓氏,这个惹起无数战祸的乌干达领袖,在2012年的开头还名不见经传。然后,在三月,它成了一种病毒运动的名号,由导演杰森·罗素领导,目标就是推翻科尼。这个时候,科尼运动这个词变得无处不在。虽然这个词过去不是什么好东西(一个残酷领袖的姓氏),可是现在,却成了一个做好事的词(制止这个残酷的独裁者)。科尼运动的目标就是制止科尼。可是几个星期之后,圣地亚哥警方发现罗素一丝不挂地在大街上妨碍交通,引起马路大瘫痪。这条短片成了新的科尼运动短片。这个时候科尼运动又变成了坏东西,或者更像是一个笑话,而不是一个正儿八经的运动。到了4月20号,那天本该是世界上所有支持科尼运动的人联合起来的日子,之前所有的努力却都泄了气,虽然没有彻底消散,这个运动才开始了不过三个多星期。科尼运动和科尼都会继续存在,但随着2012年的结束,两者在美国社会的社会的重要性都渐渐跌回2012年前的水平,即,很不重要。”
Legitimate rape. Adjective-noun clause. "Missouri Rep. Todd Akin used this term in August to explain that in for-real rapes, women can't get pregnant because their bodies reject rapist sperm, and it's the major reason he was unable to defeat Sen. Claire McCaskill in November," remembers Elspeth Reeve. "Akin eventually apologized for both the word legitimate and the fake science. But if you've ever hung out in a frat house or military barracks, you know that he was voicing a common sentiment — that some women 'cry rape' to get back at their boyfriends or husbands. Akin himself suggested that as a state legislator in 1991, when he said he warned a marital rape statute might be used 'in a real messy divorce as a tool and a legal weapon to beat up on the husband.'" Alas, Akin's defeat doesn't mean the phrase and the sentiment behind it haven't continued to exist, though.
合法强暴。形容词名词短语。“密苏里州议员托德艾金在这个八月用这个词来解释说,在真正的强暴中,女人不会怀孕,因为她们的身体拒绝施暴者的精子,而这就是他不能在11月打败参议员克莱尔·麦卡斯奇、的主要原因,”埃尔斯佩丝·丽芙回忆道,“艾金最终为那个字‘合法’和伪科学而道歉。可是如果你曾经去过兄弟会别墅或者军营,你就会知道他只是在说一种很普遍的感觉——那就是有些女人用哭诉强暴来报复她们的男友或丈夫。艾金说过,1991年,作为州议员,他曾警告过一部婚内强奸法例可能会被用作‘一场非常混乱的离婚案中用来痛打丈夫的工具和法律武器’。”哎,艾金的失败并不意味着这个短语及其背后的感觉不再存在。
Meggings. Noun. These are "men's tights" and worse than men wearing tights (let 'em wear what they like, we say!) is the horrifying proliferation of the word meggings to describe tights worn by men. One small up-side is that meggings make jeggings sound rather lovely, actually.
男裤袜。名词。这些是“男士紧身裤”,而比男人穿紧身裤(我们说,他们爱穿啥就穿啥吧)更糟的是“男裤袜”这个形容男人穿的紧身裤的词可怕地蔓延。唯一一点安慰是,男裤袜,让裤袜实际上听起来更可爱了。
Nostalgia. Existential noun. Village Voice web editor Nick Greene waxes nostalgic on nostalgia. "A long time ago, nostalgia was thought to be a medical condition, something so powerful it could cause pyrexic fits or even death. Once people realized you couldn't actually bite the big one from nostalgia, it still was classified as a type of depression. Nowadays, nostalgia is a cheap throwaway word that has lost all its clinical power; it's used to define a trivial pining, be it for a television show cancelled 7 months ago or a broad, complicated construct like the '90s. And if you think I am being nostalgic for the former usage of nostalgia, then you are part of the problem."
怀旧。存在主义名词。Village Voice网站编辑尼克·格林尼用“怀旧的情怀”给“怀旧”上光。“很久很久以前,怀旧被认为是一种病,它是如此强大以至于能引起热病甚至死亡。一旦人们发现你因为怀旧而胃口不好,你也会被归类为抑郁。现在,怀旧是一个廉价的被遗忘的词,它已经没有了临床价值,而是用于定义一种琐碎的渴望,可能是一个七个月没播的电视节目,或者一种广大复杂的构建,比如90后。如果你觉得我对于过去对“怀旧”的使用产生了怀旧的情怀,那么,你也是有问题的人之一。”
October. Noun, month, alleged friend of Drake. While I like this month and the sound of it, our Connor Simpson does not. He says, specifically, his dislike is for "October, as occupied by Drake. He calls himself 'October's very own' and it's the stupidest thing ever. Also the month. October is the first official, real month of fall, and fall is not summer. October is a close second to February as the worst month."
十月。名词,月份,德雷克那个所谓的朋友。我喜欢这个月份和这个词的发音,我们的康纳·辛普森却不然。他说,他不喜欢是因为“十月,被德雷克占领。他称自己为“十月挚友”,这是我见过最愚蠢的事儿了。而且这个月,十月,是第一个正式的、真正的秋季月份,而秋季不是夏季。二月是一年中最糟糕的月份,十月紧随其后。”
Organically. Adverb. Did you think of those thoughts all in your own brain? And in doing so, did you dub whatever emerged as having come to you organically? This is a pretentious word that too often means one is avoiding the effort it takes to come up with a word that means what one really intends it to mean.
有机地。副词。你有想过那些事儿吗?这样做的时候,你有没有敲着什么“有机地”出现在你脑海的东西?这是一个矫情的词,通常只表示一个人懒得想一个确切描述他真正想说的话的词。
Ping. Verb. Gizmodo's Sam Biddle despises this word, saying "I hate ping because it means the exact same thing as contact. There's no difference between ping and contact. But when we say ping, we can pretend like we're in a scene from The Social Network, when in fact we're just regular idiots like everyone else. It's also too ambiguous—if someone asks me to ping them, do I text, call, ring a bell in their face? I hate ambiguity in language." Do not ping me. Do not dare.
电。动词。Gizmodo公司的山姆·比德尔蔑视这个词,他说,“我讨厌它因为它跟联络是一个意思。这个两个词之间没有任何差别。但当我们说电的时候,我们装得好像我们正在《社交网络》的某个场景里,可是实际上,我们只是跟其他人一样的标准白痴。而且这个词太模糊了——如果某人让我去电他们,我应该发短信呢,打电话呢,还是直接按门铃呢?我不喜欢语焉不详。” 不要电我。你敢!
Plus-one (+1). Vote of digital support. This one from The Atlantic's social media editor Chris Heller, who believes that "+1" is the scourge of Twitter. "You can't go far without seeing the filthy little thing attached to puns, hashtag games, and all the other sorts of frivolous ephemera," he says. "It's a lazy acknowledgement that someone out there did something entertaining, but it's also a not-so-ironic admission that we're all stuck in the same sad, sorry game of 'personal brands' and egotistical nonsense. Nobody's counting your stupid Internet points. Stop the '+1' menace."
+1。数位支持的动词。这个词是本刊社交媒体编辑克里斯·海勒提出来的,他认为“+1”是推特苦难的根源。“你到处都能看到那些脏兮兮的小东西,跟在双关语、井号游戏和其他各式各样琐碎词屑的后头,”他说,“这是懒洋洋地表示知道了某人在某地做了点逗人开心的事儿,可是它也是一个不那么讽刺的自白,那就是我们都沦陷在这个令人遗憾、伤心的‘个人品牌‘和自负吹嘘的游戏中。没有人在计算你那愚蠢的网络得分。别再神经兮兮地加一了。”
PORTMANTEAUXING. Usage type. Not all portmanteauxing is bad, just like not all portmanteaus are bad. But simply smashing two words together and thinking it's all funny and brilliant and original, that's a word-making style whose shark has been jumped (shumped?) in 2012.
混词。词性看用法。并非所有混词都不好,就像并非所有混成词都不好一样。可似乎把两个词混在一次然后觉得很好玩很聪明很原创,成了2012年的新造词style。
Quinoa. Healthy food noun. And yet, at the same time, unknown! New York's Stefan Becket says, "I'm not a fan of quinoa. I'm not entirely clear what it actually is and I have no idea what it tastes like, but it sounds like some bland hipster thing."
藜麦。健康食品名词。可是,与此同时,是未知的!纽约的史蒂芬贝克特说,”我不是藜麦粉丝。我并不完全清楚那是什么,而且我不知道它是什么味道,可是它听起来像是某种平平无奇的时髦玩意儿。”
Really?! Expression of incredulity. The New York Times' Neil Genzlinger decided people were saying really? too much on television, and wrote about it. Jerry Seinfeld decided Neil Genzlinger's piece was "so deeply vacuous that I couldn’t help but feel that you have stepped into my area of expertise," and responded in a letter to the New York Times with numerous Reallys? of his own. This was all fun and games, an afternoon of amusement, but, really? Are we still saying really? We really are, apparently.
真的假的?!表示怀疑。纽约时报的尼尔·根茨林格认为人们在电视上和刊物上用“真的假的”用得太多了。杰里·森菲德认为根茨林格的文章是“如此无聊以至于我忍不住觉得你踩过界到我的专业地盘来了”,并以一封写了无数个“真的假的”的致纽约时报的信给予回应。这只是好玩儿的游戏,一个搞笑的下午,可是,真的假的?我们还在说“真的假的”吗?很明显,我们真的在说。
"Retweets are not endorsements." Banal assertion. I agree with Cord Jefferson that this phrasing is deplorable and should be erased from our collective word consciousness.
“转发不等于支持”。老掉牙的声明。我同意柯德·杰斐逊的看法,这句话实在是很可怜,而且应该从我们的集体词汇意识中被删除。
Selfies. Plural noun. It's the sound of this word that bugs me so much. But also, what is a selfy? It seems ominous and vaguely perverse, so you don't really want to know, but then you do, and it doesn't really matter what it is because it turns out it's rather boring, in fact. And yet that word, which stands for taking pictures of oneself, hilariously, is so meta and navel-gazing that it would very nearly be perfect if we didn't dislike it so very much.
自拍照。复数名词。这个词的读音实在让我烦恼。可是,还有,单数的时候它是什么呢?这看起来有点不祥而且模模糊糊地有点堕落,所以你其实并不想知道,可是你马上就知道了,那是什么并不重要,因为那其实很无聊。那个词,意思是自拍,是如此可笑地自我为中心,以至于如果我们不俺么讨厌它的话,情况就会接近完美了。
Slacks. Noun used by our elders. Personally, I don't mind this word and in fact rather like it (not that I own any of my own) but the New Yorker voted to ban it for a brief time this year, so we're including it for posterity.
便裤。老人家用的名词。我自己是不介意这个词,我其实挺喜欢这个词的(这并不意味着我自己也有这种裤子),可是纽约客认为这个词应该在今年被禁用一段时间,为了子孙后代也能知道这个词,我们把它也包进了这个词集里。
Sustainable. Adjective. Drew Magary weighs in again: "As for sustainable... I don't care. I really don't. Sustainable is the kind of word that ends up being co-opted and used by everyone to the point where it means nothing (See: Organic). I don't believe anyone when they tell me their food is sustainable. I think half of them lie just so they can convince me they didn't buy their chicken breast at the local Key Food. Sustainable is just an invitation for hipsters to lie."
可持续。形容词。德鲁·马格里再次发话:“至于可持续……我不在乎。我真的不在乎。可持续是那种被挑出来滥用到毫无意义的词(见:有机的Organic)。我完全不相信那些跟我说他们的食物是可持续的人。我认为他们中的一半儿在撒谎,以图让我相信他们的鸡胸肉不是在本地的超级市场买的。可持续只是引诱所谓潮人撒谎的诱饵。”
TLDR. Acronym used by the weary and disaffected. The shortening of several words that are admittedly difficult to concentrate long enough to spell out, this is my vote for the Internet's worst comment, and it means Too Long, Didn't Read. (Thanks for commenting, though!)
TLDR。令人厌倦的和满腹牢骚的人用的首字母缩略语。这是几个被公认太难集中足够久的精神去拼写出来的词的缩略,这是我认为的今年网络最糟评论,它的意思是“太长,没读”(Too Long, Didn't Read)。(无论如何,谢谢你的评语!)
Twee. Wee wittle 'dorable adjective. Among the twee-haters there is New York's Stefan Becket, who says, "My first thought is always that it's supposed to be tweet, and then I'm disappointed when it ends up describing something terrible," he says. Related: the twee-est word relating to tweeting is tweeps, which I cannot stand. Love the people, hate the name.
矫情。可爱的小形容词。纽约的史蒂芬·贝克特是这个词的厌恶者之一, “我的第一反应是这个词应该是‘推’(tweet),可是我失望了,因为它其实在形容一种很糟糕的东西,”他说。相关:关于“推”最矫情的词就是“推特人”(tweeps),我完全受不了。喜爱这些人,讨厌这名称。
Ugh. Guttural sound to denote unpleasant emotion. A powerful word, true, because it makes one feel exactly what it is, but every time I see this one I feel a little bit crankier. Can't we muster legitimate words for human expression? Ugh. I guess not.
呃。表示不愉快情绪的喉音。一个很有力量的词,真的,因为它可以让人准确地感觉到它背后的含义,可是每次我看见这个字,我都觉得有点儿烦躁。我们能集合所有关于人类表达的合适的词吗?呃,我猜不能。
Vagina. Noun. Esquire's Ross McCammon calls out the way people have been using this word for the female anatomy as a punchline or joke. He says, "No word has been more abused this year. It's persisted as an easy punchline on bad sitcoms. The vagina is many things but it shouldn't be the butt of a joke. Then it appears as the title of Naomi Wolf's book, which gets widely mocked. Tough year for vagina."
阴道。名词。《绅士》杂志的罗斯·麦坎门指出人们如何把这个女性解剖学名词来做俏皮话或笑话。他说,“今年没有词比它更被人滥用了。烂情景喜剧里老用这个词开玩笑。阴道可以意味着许多东西,但不应该是笑柄。然后它出现在了娜奥米·伍尔夫的书名上,让更多人耻笑。今年阴道过得不容易啊。”
Whatever Whatever. An expression we are using, apparently. Francesca Stabile, who works in the music industry (where such expressions run amok!), explains, "If the brains behind @SeinfeldToday wanted an update to the Yada Yada Yada episode they'd be smart to choose this latest verbal tick (that is, if their internet shelf life hasn't expired already, which I'm afraid it might have). I've noticed it more and more as a way of glossing over the boring parts of a tale or rendering something unimportant, but while yada yada yada was more amiable and had excellent mouthfeel, whatever whatever comes off as supremely dismissive."
那啥。我们正在用的表达方式。在乐坛(这种词句乱跑的地方)工作范西斯卡·斯丹贝尔解释道:“如果@SeinfeldToday背后的写手们想要关于某某剧集的更新,他们挑这个最近的潮语是明智之举(如果他们在网上的伪装还没有过期的话,可是我恐怕已经过期了)。我留意到,这愈发成了一种为某个传说的无聊部份上蜡打光的方法,或者制造某些不重要的东西的方法。虽然“某某”更可亲,而且口感更好,那啥听起来却无敌不屑。”
X. Usage type. Spelling anything with just an X when it should be spelled out. Like, X-cellent. X-citing. X-uberant. X-it. As seen in tXt messgs.
X。词性看用法。代替应拼写出的ex。例如,优秀(X-cellent),激动(X-citing),生气勃勃的(X-uberant),出口(X-it)。似乎我们把发短信也写成tXtmessgs。
YOLO. Soul-searching, soul-sucking acronym. YOLO is probably the most disliked word among the groups I surveyed for this post. Merriam-Webster's Kory Stamper says it best, prefacing her opinion with this disclaimer: "As a lexicographer, I must withhold judgment on any word, either established or in-the-making. Words are raw materials and each has its place and purpose; some people find eggs to be slimy and gross, yet they will happily eat them when they're incorporated into a cake. Even moist, which seems to get the brunt of the word-hate, has its place."
你只活一次。深刻反省(soul-searching)和吸食灵魂(soul-sucking)的缩略词。YOLO可能是我为这篇文章采访的人群中最不喜欢的词。韦氏词典的科里·斯丹普说这个词最好,但有以下声明:“作为一个词典编纂者,我必须克制对任何词语的评价,无论它已经存在还是正在形成。词语是珍稀资源,每个词都有自己的位置和意义;有些人觉得鸡蛋又黏又恶心,但他们还是很喜欢吃蛋糕。即使‘潮湿’,这个似乎最被人讨厌的词,也有它自己的位置。”
YOLO-haters, hang in there, there's a but! "But lexicographers are human, and humans have deeply felt emotions and opinions (or so I'm told)," she continues. "So speaking as a human, I'm pretty over YOLO, particularly when used by my kids in answer to 'Why haven't you done [tedious chore] yet?' Intellectually, I recognize that YOLO is a perfectly fine initialism and may gain enough currency and longevity in print to merit entry into one of our dictionaries — but the heart wants what it wants. My apologies to Drake, apparent coiner of YOLO, and Ben Zimmer, my favorite YOLO apologist."
讨厌YOLO的人,别急,这里还有个“但是”呢!“但是词典编纂者都讨厌YOLO,人都有深刻的情绪和观点(至少我是这么听说的),” 她继续说,“所以从一个人的角度出发,我很不喜欢YOLO,尤其是我的孩子们用这个词来回答‘你为什么还没做(那些无聊的功课)?’的时候。我认同YOLO是一个完全没问题的缩略词,可能还在出版物上有足够的普及率和使用寿命使得它应被我们的词典收纳——可是感觉就是感觉。我得向德雷克道歉,他是YOLO的缔造者,还有本·辛门,我最喜欢的YOLO的捍卫者。”
Zero, Inbox. State of email-being. NYU Local editor and Gawker writer Myles Tanzer closes us out for the year with this one, which has been the cause of some discussion on this very site recently. Spoiler: He hates it. "Zero, as in inbox zero, is really pathetic. For those fortunate ones who are blissfully ignorant to 2012's worst humblebrag, inbox zero is the process of getting your unread emails down to nil to ensure you have a more stable existence," he says. "Most email scrubbers tweet 'inbox zero!' to the world when they are done with their chore, which has all the charms of a toothless first grader tugging at his mom's pant leg and wailing, 'I cleaned my room!' By subscribing to the compulsive impulse to get away from the junk in our inboxes, you're you're committing the worst sin of 2012 — letting technology control your life. A real Internet pro works seamlessly with the messiness that comes with being glued to the screen. Also, the concept of inbox zero is a slippery slope that strikes fear into my heart. Is outbox zero the next thing that we deem necessary to brag about? Is there an impending movement to show off that all of your scheduled Tumblr posts for the day have autoposted? Where does the clutter clearance end? In 2013, I'd like to see less showboating about the way we shoo away emails like dirty flies and more tweets showcasing our inboxes being filled to capacity. Inbox one million has a way better ring to it, anyways."
收件箱(0)。邮件状态。纽约大学本地编辑和掴客写手迈尔斯·谭泽用这个词来结束我们今年的词选,这引发了本站最近不少讨论。剧透:他讨厌这个词。“零,收件箱零,是如此病态。对于那些有幸忽略了2012最糟的假谦虚的人,收件箱(0)是一个把未读邮件减到无的过程,以保证你存在得更稳定,”他说,“大多数邮件过滤器会向全世界提醒‘收件箱(0)!’,当它们完成自己的工作,就像一个牙都没长齐的一年级生拉着他妈妈的裤腿大叫,‘我清洁了我的房间!’ 通过订阅这种冲击来远离收件箱中的垃圾邮件,你是在犯2012年最差的罪——让技术控制你的生活。一个真正的互联网专家是跟混乱的桌面合作得天衣无缝的。而且,收件箱(0)的概念是一个大斜坡,让恐惧灌进我的内心。我们真的要吹嘘收件箱(0)这件事儿吗?是不是将有一场运动让我们去炫耀今天所有安排好了的轻博客帖子都已经自动发出去了?要把杂乱清初到哪里算完?在2013年,我希望看到少一点卖弄,关于我们如何把邮件像脏苍蝇那样清理掉,而更多关于我们的邮箱如何满载的自豪。收件箱一百万更好。”
All in all, it was a very good (bad?) word year.
总而言之,言而总之,这是一个非常好(或坏?)的词汇年度。
Disclaimer: Simply because a word appears above does not mean we will cease to use it. That's just the way the word world works.
声明:一个词出现在上述列表不等于我们不再使用它。这只是词汇世界的运转方式。