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雪莱《勃朗峰》新译
Percy Bysshe
Shelley
Mont
Blanc
Lines Written in the Vale of
Chamouni
1
The everlasting
universe of things
Flows through the mind, and rolls its rapid waves,
Now dark--now glittering-no", reflecting gloom
Now lending splendor, where from secret springs
The source of human thought its tribute brings
5
Of waters-with a sound but half its own,
Such as a feeble brook will oft assume
In the wild woods, among the mountains lone,
Where waterfalls around it leap forever,
Where woods and winds contend, and a vast river
10
Over its rocks ceaselessly bursts and raves.
珀西•比希•雪莱
勃朗峰
写于霞慕尼山谷的诗章 1
傅正明译
一
万物延绵不绝的宇宙
穿流人心里，滚滚浪急，
时而幽暗时而闪光时而映照阴影，
时而亮出明辉，从那神秘泉眼里
涌出浇灌大地的人类思想的源流，
半是心声半是天籁，
宛如穿野林过群山
始终寂寞流淌的一弯浅溪，
周遭是洒不干的高低弹跳的瀑布，
树林与朔风的碰撞叩击，
一条大河在岩石之上涌流不息。
2
Thus thou, Ravine of Arve-dark,
deep Ravine-
Thou many-colored, many-voicéd vale,
Over whose pines, and crags, and caverns sail
Fast cloud-shadows and sunbeams: awful scene,
15
Where Power in likeness of the Arve comes down
From the ice-gulfs that gird his secret throne,
Bursting through these dark mountains like the flame
Of lightning through the tempest; thou dost lie,
二
你啊，你这幽暗深邃的阿尔沃――
层云缭绕众声喧哗的峡谷，
你那高峰的森林，洞穴张开的风帆
急流的云影日光:
令人望而生畏的景致，
那里一种酷肖阿尔沃河的神力2
从腰住它秘密王座的冰沟里降落，
经由黑暗的群山爆裂，宛如
划破暴风雨的电火;
你仰卧大地，
Thy giant brood of
pines around thee clinging,
20
Children of elder time, in whose devotion
The chainless winds still come and ever came
To drink their odors, and their mighty swinging
To hear-an old and solemn harmony;
Thine earthly rainbows stretched across the sweep
25
Of the aethereal waterfall, whose veil
Robes some unsculptured image; the strange sleep
Which when the voices of the desert fail
Wraps all in its own deep eternity;
浩瀚松林紧紧环绕你，
在古老时间的儿女们的挚爱中
无羁的四面来风不断来来去去，
一路啜饮生香活色，浩荡的风姿
聆听悠久而肃穆的和谐声律;
你尘世的长虹穿过轻灵的滚滚瀑布
延伸，一道面纱，一袭法衣，
未经雕琢的意象;
奇异的浓睡
沉入荒漠遗忘的声息，
把一切包裹在梦中深邃的恒常里;
Thy caverns echoing to the
Argues commotion,
30
A loud, lone sound no other sound can tame;
Thou art pervaded with that ceaseless
motion,
Thou art the path of that
unresting sound-
Dizzy Ravine! and when I gaze on thee
I seem as in a trance sublime and strange
35
To muse on my own separate fantasy,
My own, my human mind, which passively
Now renders and receives fast influencings,
山洞鼓满阿尔戈斯云帆逆风的回声，
洪亮，没有别的声音能够掩盖窒息;
你弥漫在永不止步的滚动里，
你是不息声浪的道途，
令人炫目的峡谷！当我凝视你，
我仿佛陶醉在崇高奇异的狂喜里，
冥想我断断续续的迷思，
我自己的心灵，人同此心，一片诚意
捧出和纳入灵犀相通的感应，
Holding an unremitting
interchange
With the clear universe of things around;
40
One legion of wild thoughts, whose wandering wings
Now float above thy darkness, and now rest
Where that or thou art no unbidden guest,
In the still cave of the witch Poesy,
Seeking among the shadows that 'pass by
45
Ghosts of all things that are, some shade of thee,
Some phantom, some faint image; till the breast
From which they fled recalls them, thou art there!
你我久久对视，相互设身处地，3
环绕我们的是清晰的宇宙万物;
狂野思想的轻骑展开飞翼，
时而在你的黑暗之上游移，时而
像不速之客在借宿之处栖息，
在女巫的诗歌无声的洞穴里，
在飘过的阴影里追寻
万物的精灵，而万物无非你的阴影、
幻象和朦胧的意象;
直到它们从中逃逸的
心斋召唤它们回府，你就在这里!
3
Some say that glean-is of a
remoter world
Visit the soul in sleep, that death is
slumber,
50
And that its shapes the busy thoughts outnumber
Of those who wake and live. I look on high;
Has some unknown omnipotence unfurled
The veil of life and death? or do I lie
In dream, and does the mightier world of sleep
55
Spread far around and inaccessibly
Its circles? For the very spirit falls,
Driven like a homeless cloud from steep to steep
That vanishes among the viewless gales!
三
有人说更遥远的别一世界
道道灵光拜访睡魂――死亡就是安睡，
种种死亡状态比那些醒来
而活着的人们的纷繁思绪
更数不胜数。我仰望高处;
莫非那未知的全能已经揭开
生死之间的帘帷?
抑或我躺在
睡梦里，比现实更丰饶的梦园
会环绕它没有边际的层层圆圈
延伸吗?
因为精魂出舍，
像被逐的无家可归的流云
消逝在无形的大风里！
Far, far
above, piercing the infinite sky,
60
Mont Blanc appears-still, snowy, and serene-
Its subject mountains their unearthly forms
Pile around it, ice and rock; broad vales between
Of frozen floods, unfathomable deeps,
Blue as the overhanging heaven, that spread
65
And wind among the accumulated sleeps;
A desert peopled by the storms alone,
Save when the eagle brings some hunter's bone,
And the wolf tracks her there--how hideously
Its shapes are heaped around! rude, bare, and
high,
70
Ghastly, and scarred, and riven. Is this the scene
Where the old Earthquake-daemon taught her young
Ruin? Were these their toys? or did a sea
Of fire envelop once this silent snow?
高远向上，穿透无垠天际，
勃朗峰闪现了――无语，积雪，静谧:
臣服的群山，别有天地的形体，
冰雪岩石绕主峰，丘壑层层堆积;
冻流之间宏阔的山谷，难测的深度,
湛蓝如高悬的蓝天，铺张蜿蜒在
年深日久的睡眠里;风暴栖居的大漠，
只有刁着猎人骨骸的鹰隼偶尔飞来，
野狼跟踪出没――荒无人迹的恐怖！
黄沙成堆! 粗矿，赤裸，极端，
苍白，碎裂，伤痕累累。莫非这里
就是地震老妖妇教授她年轻的后裔
“破坏”的场地?
巫祝的把戏哪去了?
一片火海还会再次封锁这宁静的雪地?
None can reply-all seems eternal
now.
75
The wilderness' has a mysterious tongue
Which teaches awful doubt, or faith so mild,
So solemn, so serene, that man may be,
But for such faith, with nature reconciled;
Thou hast a voice, great Mountain, to repeal
80
Large codes of fraud and woe; not understood
By all, but which the wise, and great, and good
interpret, or make felt, or deeply feel
没有回答:
只有永恒的当下消息。
荒原有神秘语舌授人以惊世的怀疑，
或授人一种温顺、庄严和静穆的信仰，
培育和睦之心，不向自然炫耀人力。
你有一种声音，巍峨的大山啊，
力图废除骗人和恼人的大法典;
难以
被大众理解，却能被智者、伟人和善者
理解和阐发，使人感觉得到，深入品味。
4
The fields, the lakes, the
forests, and the streams,
Ocean, and all the living things that dwell
85
Within the daedal earth; lightning, and rain,
Earthquake, and fierv flood, and hurricane,
The torpor of the year when feeble dreams
Visit the hidden buds, or dreamless sleep
Holds every future leaf and flower; the bound
90
With which from that detested trance they leap;
The works and ways of man, their death and birth,
And that of him and all that his may be;
All things that move and breathe with toil and sound
Are born and die; revolve, subside, and swell.
95
Power dwells apart in its tranquillity,
Remote, serene, and inaccessible:
四
田野森林，大泽小溪，
海洋和迷幻的大地，
栖居的众生;
闪电和天雨，
地震，狂飙和洪水;
在微弱之梦拜访隐藏的花蕾时，
或无梦的沉睡握住每一株
来年花叶时的年尾冬眠; 弹跳――
物类借以越过梦靥绝境的长技;
人的工作和道路，死亡和诞生，
人所属的物种及其可能的一切;――
带着辛苦的声息运动和呼吸的万物
无一不生死循环，潮退又涌起。
在宁静中隔居开来的神力，
遥远，安详，可望不可即：
And this, the naked countenance
of earth,
On which I gaze, even these primaeval mountains
Teach the adverting mind. The glaciers creep
100
Like snakes that watch their prey, from their far fountains,
Slow rolling on; there, many a precipice,
Frost and the Sun in scorn of mortal power
Have piled: dome, pyramid, and pinnacle,
A city of death, distinct with many a tower
105
And wall impregnable of beaming ice.
大地的这张赤裸的面容，
我凝视，甚至这原始的群山
也能教我用心眼关注。冰河
像瞄准猎物的银蛇爬行,
从遥远的蛇洞
缓慢滚流出来; 那里峭壁兀立，
严霜和骄阳在睥睨世俗权力
堆积的圆顶屋，金字塔和小尖顶，
一座死亡的城市，许多塔楼轮廓清晰，
闪光的冰墙坚不可摧。
Yet not a city, but a flood of
ruin
Is there, that from the boundaries of the sky
Rolls its perpetual stream; vast pines are strewing
Its destined path, or in the mangled soil
110
Branchless and shattered stand; the rocks ' drawn down
From yon remotest waste, have overthrown
The limits of the dead and living world,
Never to be reclaimed. The dwelling place
Of insects, beasts, and birds, becomes its spoil
115
Their food and their retreat for ever gone,
So much of life and joy is lost. The race
Of man flies far in dread; his work and dwelling
Vanish, like smoke before the tempest's stream,
And their place is not known. Below, vast caves
120
Shine in the rushing torrents' restless gleam,
Which from those secret chasms in tumult welling
Meet in the vale, and one majestic River,
The breath and blood of distant lands, forever
Rolls its loud waters to the ocean waves,
125
Breathes its swift vapors to the circling air.
但不是一座城市，而是洪水的废墟，
在那里，从天际倾泻直下
分流奔向永恒的山溪;
浩荡松林铺开
命定的道路，在惨遭砍伐的瘠土
残枝败叶，颓然伫立;
憔悴层岩
从那边最遥远的荒地，推翻
死亡的极限和生存的世界，
从未开垦的灰色地带。昆虫，鸟兽的
巢穴就是物竞天择的战利品，
它们的猎物和荫庇不复存在，
无数的生命和欢乐失落了。人类的部族
在恐惧中飞逝;
人工作品及其逆旅
先后消弭，像风雨溪边的一缕青烟
来去无人知。下方的巨大洞穴
在急流滚滚的明灭中烛火摇曳，
灵光来自骚动的神秘源泉的罅隙。4
相遇在峡谷，又一条浩荡江流，
遥远土地的气血，奔向大海的潮汐，
向轮回天道喷吐急流的清气。
5
Mont Blanc et gleams on high-the power is
there,
The still and solemn power of many sights,
And many sounds, and much of life and death.
In the calm darkness of the moonless nights,
130
In the lone glare of day, the snows descend
Upon that Mountain- none beholds them there,
Nor when the flakes burn in the sinking sun,
Or the star-beams dart through them-Winds contend
Silently there, and heap the snow with breath
135
Rapid and strong, but silently! Its home
The voiceless lightning in these solitudes
Keeps innocently, and like vapor broods
Over the snow. The secret Strength of things
Which governs thought, and to the infinite dome
140
Of Heaven is as a law, Inhabits thee!
And what were thou, and earth, and stars, and sea,
if to the human mind's imaginings
Silence and solitude were vacancy?
五
勃朗峰在高处闪亮――此处
拥有千姿百态的声色之美，
生生死死的沉静庄严之力，
在无月之夜黑暗的静谧里，
在寂寞日光中纷纷扬扬
飘落山头的雪片里――无人看见，
即便晚红共白玉欲燃，星光与银雪争辉
也无人光顾――在那里静静角逐的
四面来风，吐纳灵气玩堆雪的游戏，
迅疾而强烈，却无声无息！它的家园里
孤寂的闪电始终保持
不染尘埃的高洁，宛如雾气
在冰雪之上沉思。统领思想的
万物的神力，对无垠的昊天穹庐
像法律一样制衡，安住在你这里！
对于人类心灵的想象来说，
假如宁静和孤独便是空无，
那么你，大地，星辰和海洋究竟是何物？
1816年
1雪莱曾登上勃朗峰游览，站在阿尔沃河的桥上观赏两边的霞慕尼峡谷，仰望高耸入云的山峰，以格律不大规则的颂歌体写下这首长，思考人与大自然之间的关系，以及自然与信仰之间的对应。诗人既赞美大自然的伟大力量、崇高和秀美，又揭示大自然作为破坏者的另一个面向。在某些方面，这首诗是对此前的华兹华斯的《丁登寺旁》和柯尔律治的《日出前霞慕尼峡谷礼赞》的一种回应，表达的哲学思考与这两首诗有所不同。
2
原文强调的人的心灵与大自然可以“相互易位”（the
interchange）的情形，相当于中国古典诗歌中的“相看两不厌，只有敬亭山”或“我看青山多妩媚，料青山见我亦如是”的情形。
3
雪莱的“力”（Power）的概念，指在背后支配一切自然过程和精神过程的终极原则，以阿尔沃河或冰河为象征。因此，译为“神力”时不是指一神论的神，而是带有怀疑论色彩的泛神论意义上“神”。
4
典出柯尔律治的《忽必烈汗》，参看傅译：“噫吁嚱！蓦见天崩地开裂，急转直下青山侧，/上有浓荫覆盖之杉树，下有幽深莫测之罅隙。”
